A Monograph of the British Fossil Brachiopoda. Vol. V. Part I. Devonian and Silurian Supplements. Pages 1–134; Plates I–VII
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(1882). A Monograph of the British Fossil Brachiopoda. Vol. V. Part I. Devonian and Silurian Supplements. Pages 1–134; Plates I–VII. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society: Vol. 36, No. 172, pp. 1-134.Keywords:
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Abstract Examples of convergent evolution in unrelated brachiopod groups and within different athyrid taxa are recognised and discussed. The examples include striking external similarities of species of Plicathyris (Lower Devonian, Pragian‐Upper Devonian, lower Frasnian), Anathyris (Lower Devonian, Emsian‐Upper Devonian, Frasnian), Anathyrella (Upper Devonian, Frasnian), Pinegathyris (Cisuralian, Kungurian‐Guadalupian, Wordian), Comelicania (Lopingian, Changhsingian), and Clavigera (Upper Triassic, Norian‐Rhaetian). Their lifestyle and the relationship of these brachiopods to their environments are discussed and tentatively interpreted from morphology.
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Late Devonian extinction
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Devonian GSSPs (Global Stratotype Sections and Points) and the status of the international discussions on the Devonian substage divisions are introduced. Then correlation of the Chinese Devonian regional Stages with the international Stages is discussed. In South China, the Emsian can be correlated with both of the Yujiangian and Sipaian Stages; and the Famennian includes the Xikuangshanian, an unnamed (to be established), and the Shaodongian Stages. The Nagaolingian, Yingtangian, Dongganglingian, and Shetianqiaoan Stages can be roughly corresponded to the Pragian, Eifelian, Givetian, and Frasnian respectively, although exact ages of the base of the above Chinese Stages need further study. Possible application of the internationally discussed substages in South China is also discussed: Middle/Upper Givetian, Lower/Middle Frasnian, Upper/Uppermost Famennian boundaries do not seem to be easily determined in the platform facies of South China.
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Late Devonian extinction
Conodont
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Based on the precise biostratigraphic work and combined with fossil biota and their geological periods,it is redefined the sequence in Silurian-Devonian lithostratigraphic units in the southern margin of Kalamaili collision zone,east Junggar.The result shows that the assemblages of fossil biota in the first section of the Baishanbao Formation in middle-upper Silurian can be established as Tuvaestrophia sp.-Leptostrophiasp.-Protochonetes sp, the second and third sections can be established as Tuvaella gigantea Tschernyschew--Atrypa cf. depressa Zhang-Stegerhynchus sp. and Tuvaella gigantea Tschernyschew- Tuvaella rackovskii Tschernyschew-Leptaena cf.depressa-Tannuspirifer xinjiangensis Zhang.,respectively.The assemblages of fossil biota of the Laogou Formation in upper Silurian can be established as Atrypellacf.columbella Barrande-Athyrisina cf.uniplicata Grabau-Stegerhynchus angaciensis Tschernyschew,the Hongliugou Formation in lower Devonian can be established as Steatothamnoporasp.-Striatoporasp.- Parathamnoporasp.and Kalamaili Formation of lower-middle Devonian is established as Leptocoeliacf.sinicaSu-Enterolasmasp.- Diplochonesp.In addition,Prelepidondronsp.is discovered in Keankuduke Formation in upper Devonian.The establishment of biological stratigraphic units in Silurian-Devonian in this area is important to study the Silurian-Devonian biostratigraphy in Kalamaili collision zone.
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Abstract A limestone and shale sequence, some 1500 feet thick, apparently gradational from Silurian into Devonian, and made up of at least 300 feet of Ludlovian and possibly Pridoli equivalent (Upper Silurian) and 1200 feet of nearly complete Lower Devonian, is described from northern Yukon. The Upper Silurian is dominantly a graptolitic shale, but limestone bands in the upper part yielded a small brachiopod fauna including Atrypella cf. tenuis. The entire Lower Devonian part of the sequence is very fossiliferous and is one of considerable significance because of the alternation of shelly faunas with graptolites in the middle one-third. Brachiopods, of which more than one hundred species are recognized, are by far the most common fossils, and are dominated by atrypids, rhynchonellids, and orthids, but include pentamerids, strophomenids, athyrids, and spiriferids. The brachiopods at the genus, and to some extent the species, level, show affinities to the Nevada sequence and particularly to the Old World Province of the Uralian-Bohemian region; they bear no relationship to the Lower Devonian of the Appalachian Province, or to the Rhenish Community of northwestern Europe. The northern Yukon region, therefore, provides an intermediate point in possible migration routes of brachiopods between the widely separated regions of the American Great Basin and the Urals and Siberia. The Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian stages recognized, and their six faunal subdivisions are as follows: Lower Ludlovian represented by the Monograptus nilssoni Zone; Middle or Upper Ludlovian, or possibly Pridoli equivalent: Atrypella cf. tenuis unit; Gedinnian: Gypidula cf. pelagica unit; lower Siegenian, represented by the Spirigerina cf. supramarginalis unit; upper Siegenian characterized by the Gypidula sp. 1 - Davidsoniatrypa unit; and lower Emsian: Nymphorhynchia pseudolivonica - Sieberella cf. weberi unit. The Zone of Monograptus yukonensis is concluded to be late Siegenian and early Emsian in age. Conodonts recovered from the sequence provide valuable additional information, and in general agree well with brachiopod correlations.
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