Processing passive seismic data recorded on a dense array for CCS site characterization
Gerrit OlivierMałgorzata ChmielFlorent BrenguierPhilippe RouxAurélien MordretPhilippe DalesThomas LecocqIrwan Djamaludin
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Passive seismic data were recorded during an active survey on more than 10,000 nodal geophones directly above a planned carbon sequestration site. The dense array enables us to use modern signal processing methods to better characterise the CCS site prior to injection. We used matched-field processing to detect and locate seismic events that are buried within the background noise. The locations of the seismic events may illuminate pre-existing faults or fractures that can influence plume movement after injection. Thousands of seismic events were detected and located in a small time series up to 2 km below surface. Additionally, we used ambient noise crosscorrelation to create seismic Green's functions between all station pairs. The Raleigh wave dispersion curves were used to invert for a 3D velocity model of the subsurface, that can be compared to the results of the active survey. Ambient noise tomography provides a cheaper alternative to active source imaging, and has little impact on the environment since an active source is not needed. Presentation Date: Wednesday, October 17, 2018 Start Time: 1:50:00 PM Location: 208A (Anaheim Convention Center) Presentation Type: OralKeywords:
Characterization
Passive seismic
Forearc
Accretionary wedge
Seismometer
Seismic array
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Research Article| September 01, 2014 Splay fault activity revealed by aftershocks of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake, central Chile Kathrin Lieser; Kathrin Lieser 1GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ingo Grevemeyer; Ingo Grevemeyer 1GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Dietrich Lange; Dietrich Lange 1GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ernst Flueh; Ernst Flueh 1GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Frederik Tilmann; Frederik Tilmann 2GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Potsdam, 14473 Potsdam, Germany3Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Eduardo Contreras-Reyes Eduardo Contreras-Reyes 4Departamento de Geofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, 8370449 Santiago, Chile Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Kathrin Lieser 1GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany Ingo Grevemeyer 1GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany Dietrich Lange 1GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany Ernst Flueh 1GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany Frederik Tilmann 2GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Potsdam, 14473 Potsdam, Germany3Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany Eduardo Contreras-Reyes 4Departamento de Geofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, 8370449 Santiago, Chile Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 07 May 2014 Revision Received: 02 Jul 2014 Accepted: 03 Jul 2014 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 © 2014 Geological Society of America Geology (2014) 42 (9): 823–826. https://doi.org/10.1130/G35848.1 Article history Received: 07 May 2014 Revision Received: 02 Jul 2014 Accepted: 03 Jul 2014 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Kathrin Lieser, Ingo Grevemeyer, Dietrich Lange, Ernst Flueh, Frederik Tilmann, Eduardo Contreras-Reyes; Splay fault activity revealed by aftershocks of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake, central Chile. Geology 2014;; 42 (9): 823–826. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G35848.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Splay faults, large thrust faults emerging from the plate boundary to the seafloor in subduction zones, are considered to enhance tsunami generation by transferring slip from the very shallow dip of the megathrust onto steeper faults, thus increasing vertical displacement of the seafloor. These structures are predominantly found offshore, and are therefore difficult to detect in seismicity studies, as most seismometer stations are located onshore. The Mw (moment magnitude) 8.8 Maule earthquake on 27 February 2010 affected ∼500 km of the central Chilean margin. In response to this event, a network of 30 ocean-bottom seismometers was deployed for a 3 month period north of the main shock where the highest coseismic slip rates were detected, and combined with land station data providing onshore as well as offshore coverage of the northern part of the rupture area. The aftershock seismicity in the northern part of the survey area reveals, for the first time, a well-resolved seismically active splay fault in the submarine forearc. Application of critical taper theory analysis suggests that in the northernmost part of the rupture zone, coseismic slip likely propagated along the splay fault and not the subduction thrust fault, while in the southern part it propagated along the subduction thrust fault and not the splay fault. The possibility of splay faults being activated in some segments of the rupture zone but not others should be considered when modeling slip distributions. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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The Lushan earthquake occurred on the southern segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt between the Bayan Har and south China blocks.Field investigations indicated that there is no any earthquake surface rupture zone generated by this earthquake,only secondary surface breaks,such as extensional ground fissures,landslides,bedrock collapses,and liquefactions were found in the epicentral areas,which were caused by slope instability and earthquake vibration.The relocated aftershocks,focal mechanism solutions and surface structural geology further demonstrate that the seismogenic fault of the Lushan earthquake is a blind reverse fault which strikes 212° and dips toward NW with a dip angle of 38°±2°.The upper tip of this blind reverse fault is still at the depth of about 9 km in the upper crust.The structural deformation from above the tip to the ground surface is in accordance with a fault-propagation-anticline model.Besides,the differences in spatial aftershocks' distribution,rupturing process and seismogenic structure suggest that the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes are two independent rupturing events occurred along the middle segment and southern segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt,respectively.
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Research Article| May 01, 2003 Control of seafloor roughness on earthquake rupture behavior Susan L. Bilek; Susan L. Bilek 1Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Susan Y. Schwartz; Susan Y. Schwartz 2 Earth Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Heather R. DeShon Heather R. DeShon 2 Earth Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Geology (2003) 31 (5): 455–458. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0455:COSROE>2.0.CO;2 Article history received: 18 Oct 2002 rev-recd: 28 Jan 2003 accepted: 29 Jan 2003 first online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Susan L. Bilek, Susan Y. Schwartz, Heather R. DeShon; Control of seafloor roughness on earthquake rupture behavior. Geology 2003;; 31 (5): 455–458. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0455:COSROE>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Earthquake rupture complexity is described for three recent large underthrusting earthquakes along the Costa Rican subduction zone, the 1983 Osa, 1990 Nicoya Gulf, and 1999 Quepos events. These earthquakes occurred in regions characterized by distinctly different morphologic features on the subducting plate. The 1990 and 1999 events occurred along linear projections of subducting seamount chains and had fairly simple earthquake rupture histories. Both events are interpreted as failure of the basal contact of closely spaced isolated seamounts acting as asperities. In contrast, the 1983 event occurred along the subducting Cocos Ridge and had a complex rupture history. Comparison of rupture characteristics of these large underthrusting earthquakes with size and location of subducting features provides evidence that seamounts can be subducted to seismogenic depths and that variations in seafloor bathymetry of the subducting plate strongly influence the earthquake rupture process. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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Abstract We investigate potential relations between variations in seafloor relief and age of the incoming plate and interplate seismicity. Westward from Osa Peninsula in Costa Rica, a major change in the character of the incoming Cocos Plate is displayed by abrupt lateral variations in seafloor depth and thermal structure. Here a Mw 6.4 thrust earthquake was followed by three aftershock clusters in June 2002. Initial relocations indicate that the main shock occurred fairly trenchward of most large earthquakes along the Middle America Trench off central Costa Rica. The earthquake sequence occurred while a temporary network of OBH and land stations ∼80 km to the northwest were deployed. By adding readings from permanent local stations, we obtain uncommon P wave coverage of a large subduction zone earthquake. We relocate this catalog using a nonlinear probabilistic approach within both, a 1‐D and a 3‐D P wave velocity models. The main shock occurred ∼25 km from the trench and probably along the plate interface at 5–10 km depth. We analyze teleseismic data to further constrain the rupture process of the main shock. The best depth estimates indicate that most of the seismic energy was radiated at shallow depth below the continental slope, supporting the nucleation of the Osa earthquake at ∼6 km depth. The location and depth coincide with the plate boundary imaged in prestack depth‐migrated reflection lines shot near the nucleation area. Aftershocks propagated downdip to the area of a 1999 Mw 6.9 sequence and partially overlapped it. The results indicate that underthrusting of the young and buoyant Cocos Ridge has created conditions for interplate seismogenesis shallower and closer to the trench axis than elsewhere along the central Costa Rica margin.
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We have detected anomalous very‐low‐frequency earthquakes within the accretionary prism along the Nankai Trough, southwestern Japan. Centroid moment tensor inversion analysis reveals that the earthquake hypocenters are distributed at ∼10 km depth above the upper surface of the subducting Philippine Sea Plate, and within 50–70 km landward of the trough axis. The focal mechanisms indicate reverse faulting. Their hypocenters are distributed beneath a deformation zone of an accretionary prism in sea‐floor topography. These observations suggest that the occurrence of very‐low‐frequency earthquakes is related to numerous reverse fault systems within the accretionary prism, and that the earthquakes reflect the dynamics of deformation within this accretionary prism.
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