The Zn-Pb sulfide and Pb-Zn-Ag non-sulfide Kuh-e-Surmeh ore deposit, Zagros Belt, Iran: Geologic, mineralogical, geochemical, and S isotopic constraints
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Unusual six- and twelve-edged star-like galena crystals were found on a hand specimen from Stari Trg mine, Trepca, Kosovo and their morphology and way of growth were described. This twinned crystals look like spinel law twins, however detailed studies revealed different way of intergrowth twinning. The cause for this star-like morphological unit is oriented growth of galena with pyrrhotite according to epitaxial overgrowth galena (001)[100] || pyrrhotite (0001)[10-10], what produce secondary twinning of galena crystals during late crystallization. Galena crystals have three possible orientations on pyrrhotite. Each of the oriented galena individual must satisfy crystallographic condition, that one pair of opposite galena hexahedral faces (upper and lower part of the “star”) has to be parallel with basal pinacoid faces of pyrrhotite crystal and at the same time one pair of hexahedral faces have to be parallel with prismatic faces of pyrrhotite.
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Sulfur isotopic fractionation factors involving pairs of pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and galena have been determined experimentally over the temperature range 250 °C to 600 °C.Since chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite are not stable at higher PS 2 conditions, buffer assemblages were necessary to control PS 2 in experiments with these minerals. Since low PS 2 values and low temperatures are unfavorable to rapid isotope exchange, techniques were devised whereby equilibrium constants could be estimated indirectly in systems where direct measurements are not possible because of the time factor.Current data place the sulfide minerals in the following order of 34 S enrichment under equilibrium exchange conditions: pyrite > (pyrrhotite [Formula: see text]sphalerite) > chalcopyrite > galena in agreement with theoretical predictions. In agreement with theory the equilibrium exchange constant K for a given mineral pair depends upon temperature as follows: 1000 ln [Formula: see text], where A denotes a constant. The A values for various mineral pairs have been determined with ± 10% uncertainties as follows: 11.0 × 10 5 (py–gn), 8.0 × 10 5 (sp–gn), 6.5 × 10 5 (cp–gn), 4.5 × 10 5 (py–cp), 3.0 × 10 5 (py–sp, py–po), 1.5 × 10 5 (sp–cp, po–cp), and [Formula: see text] 0 (sp–po).
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