Geoelectrical characterization with 1D VES/TDEM joint inversion in Urupês-SP region, Paraná Basin: Applications to hydrogeology
David Nakamura LeiteCassiano Antônio BortolozoJorge Luís PorsaniMarco Antônio CoutoJulian David Realpe CampañaFernando A. Monteiro SantosRodrigo Corrêa RangelLuiz Rodrigo HamadaRimary Valera SifontesGabriela Serêjo de OliveiraMarcelo César Stangari
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Assessment of groundwater potential of Iperindo area, Southwestern Nigeria was conducted by mapping spatial distribution of groundwater availability within the area and consequently locating areas of groundwater reserve to serve the community and its environs. This was achieved by integrating geophysical techniques involving landsat ETM-7 satellite data, aeromagnetic data, VLF-EM and electrical resistivity methods to delineate subsurface structures, understand the direction of groundwater flow, and detect the depth to groundwater aquifer. The result of landsat and aeromagnetic revealed some lineament intersection approximately NE-SW direction and interpreted to be potential sites for groundwater development. VLF-EM revealed geologic structures of significant hydrogeological importance at depths of 40 m to 200 m. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) confirmed high groundwater prospect in the areas with estimated depth to water table between 30 m and 100 m. The integrated results of the study revealed adequate groundwater spatial distribution for effective groundwater development in the area.
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Electrical resistivity sounding was employed to delineate different water bearing layers and their architectural parameters. Sixty Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were obtained in the built-up area of Olabisi Onabanjo University campus to map out variations in subsurface resistivity, which was used to determine aquifer parameters favourable for groundwater development. Interpretation of electrical sounding data helps in determining the resistivity and thickness of aquifers, aquifer and overburden thicknesses and depth to the basement. We employ a lithology-based hydrogeological model with definite boundary to classify the apparent resistivity. In this model, range of electrical resistivity values were assigned to different layers based on field observation and knowledge of the geology of the area. In all, five litho-units were delineated besides the topsoil, which are: clay with resistivity range of 25–53 ; clayey sand/sandy clay with resistivity range of 122–440 ; weathered layer with 62–119 ; fractured basement with 208–667 and resistivity above 720 were taken as fresh basement. From the initial lithologic-based model, we developed 2D model that conceptualized aquifer architecture and bedrock topography along the major traverses obtained in the area. Also, Isopac map reveals that the overburden is thicker in the western half while the 2D model and structural map clearly show undulating bedrock topography made up of bedrock ridge with elevations of 127.0–170.0 m and bedrock depressions with elevation of 97.0–123 m. Derived Geo-electric parameters revealed that aquifer quality increases as we move northward, though recommended aquifers cut across all the area survey. Based on the study, we recommended VES stations with good overall qualities to be developed to productive water-supply tube wells.
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To investigate the groundwater prospect in the crystalline basement area of Obanla -Obakekere, near Akure, Southwestern Nigeria, electromagnetic (EM) profiling and Schlumberger sounding data from the area were interpreted. The EM results revealed that the raw real and filtered real amplitudes vary from -30.2 to 45.1% and -51.8 to 55.0%, respectively. Structural features of significance to groundwater development were clearly evident in the color modulated Karous–Hjelt EM sections. The interpretation of the VES data enabled the characterization of three to five geoelectric layers, but three distinct lithologic layers, from which aquifer units were delineated. Overburden and bedrock–based aquifer units were delineated across the area. The composite thickness of the overburden/bedrock – based aquifer units varies from 1m to 41.6m in the area. The aquifer thickness parameters enabled the hydrogeologic zonation of the area into groundwater prospect zones. Areas with thick units are inferred to have higher groundwater prospects while zones with thin aquifer units are believed to have low groundwater prospects. The survey demonstrates the utility of EM profiling and depth soundings to characterize local hydrogeology and define areas suitable for groundwater development.
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This work was carried out to evaluate the hydrogeological and geophysical properties of Abakaliki and Afikpo environs. Forty-seven (47) Vertical Electrical Sounding data were acquired with electrode spacing (AB/2) of 500m using Schlumberger electrode configuration. Conventional curve matching techniques were used to interpret the data and obtain initial model parameters. Results of the study showed 3-7 electric layers which indicate multiple aquifer system. QQH, QHK, KHK and QQHK models were the Vertical Sounding curves obtained. The aquiferous layers make up the third and fourth layers. The resistivity of the aquifer varies from 10.74Ωm to 13201Ωm with an average of 1013.58 Ωm. Aquifer depth ranges from 6.2m to 92.5m with an average aquifer depth of 27.07m, while the aquifer thickness varies from 2.3m to 55.87m with an average of 15.61m. Transverse resistance varies from 65.34Ωm2to 7079.14 Ωm2 with an average of 9966.29 Ωm2; and the longitudinal conductance varies from 0.00018Ω-1 to 1.65 Ω-1 with an average of 0.026 Ω-1. From the study, 49% of the study area falls under the poor protective rating while 21% falls under the weak rating with 25% and 5% which makes up the moderate and good ratings respectively. Using the average longitudinal conductance, it is observed that the study area is moderately protected.
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A geoelectric investigation of groundwater prospect at Omitogun Estate, along Benin/Ilesha express way Akure, within the basement complex of southwestern Nigeria was carried out with a view to providing information on the geoelectric characteristic of the subsurface sequence, bedrock topography, subsurface structural features and their hydrogeologic significance, in order to identify aquifer units and determine possible areas for groundwater potential zones. The study involved the use of Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding data at thirty (30) stations. The vertical electrical sounding data presented as field curves were interpreted quantitatively by partial curve matching method and computer iteration technique. Fracture resistivity map, aquifer resistivity map, aquifer thickness map and overburden thickness map were generated from the results. Groundwater potential map was also generated from the integration of these maps using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The study area has been classified into low, medium, high groundwater potential zones and the results from well data across the entire study area were used to validate the accuracy of the groundwater potential map. From the results obtained, it could be concluded that the study area is generalized to be of low groundwater potential.
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A number of electromagnetic and electrical methods have been applied jointly to map groundwater contamination near minesite landforms. The main methods being investigated are transient electromagnetic (TEM) and direct current (DC) resistivity soundings, DC profiling, self potential (SP), and induced polarisation (IP) measurements, combined with any existing hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical data.At the tailings dam of the disused Brukunga pyrite mine in South Australia, reaction of groundwater with the tailings causes the formation and discharge of sulphuric acid. Geophysical methods have been investigated to determine whether they can be used to characterise variations in depth to watertable and map preferred groundwater flow paths through the tailings dam. The results of the geophysical surveys show that it is difficult to determine any preferred channels of groundwater flow from SP profiling data alone, but TEM and DC sounding measurements have enabled accurate determination of watertable levels and aquifer resistivity. The shallowest and most resistive part of the aquifer occurs in the southeast of the site, and we deduce that a possible source of fresh groundwater entering the site occurs here. It has been recommended that efforts to reduce acid formation in the tailings dam should concentrate on reducing this inflow of groundwater.
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