Examining the influence of settlement morphology and separation zones policies on the availability of shallow coal resources in the United Kingdom
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Morphology
Settlement (finance)
Coal particles have a great importance in the production of coalbed methane. To reveal the relationship between the coal mechanical properties and the coal particles characteristics generated by the coal samples with different coal rank, coal failure experiments in the natural state and water-saturated state under triaxial compression are performed. The effects of coal rank, coal mechanical properties and water content on the characteristics of coal particles generated are investigated. The results show that the water-saturated sample has a lower compressive strength than the corresponding natural sample. Coal with different rank shows various fracturing modes after failure. Compared with the natural sample, the water-saturated sample generates more amount of coal particles. As coal rank increases, the amount of coal particles shows a 'U' shape trend, while there is a negative exponential correlation between the amount of coal particles and the compressive strength of coal. [Received: June 3, 2020; Accepted: April 10, 2021]
Coal rank
Coalbed Methane
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Selenium in coal is an important environmental selenium sources . In Shaanxi province, coal resources is very abundant. Selenium contents of coal of all coal-forming periods exits more different, which shows selenium content of coal decreases along with the coal-forming ages from old to new, and coal rank from high to low. It related with coal-forming environment and sulfur content of coal, which shows that more sulfur content of coal, particularly, more pyrite in coal, higher the selenium content in coal. This illustrates, in the moderate-high sulfur coal, selenium of coal mainly exists in pyrite, but in the very low-low sulfur coal, which relates with organic sulfur. Selenium of coal will enter the surface environment when coal resources being mined and utilized and will affect ecological environment and people health.
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Coal is a valuable source for power energy as well as for metal contents within it. Coal and its by-product are considered a promising resource for the critical elements and rare earth elements (REEs). The study of REEs in coal is in its infancy. This paper focuses on REEs' occurrence, qualitative, and quantitative in coal and its by-products (shale coal, shale coal ash, and coal ash) of Sohagpur Coalfield, Madhya Pradesh, India. The collected coal samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, bomb calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis, and ultimate analysis. The REEs' concentration of Sohagpur Coalfield was also compared with the Chinese coal, US coal, and world coal average. The average content of critical REEs for Y is 51.49 ppm, for Nd is 79.34 ppm, for Eu is 2.67 ppm, for Tb is 1.71 ppm, and for Dy is 9.76 ppm in samples. The highest average values of REEs reported for Ce are 58.15 ppm in coal and 187 ppm in coal ash by-products. Coal by-products of the collected samples are a good resource for REEs than the Chinese coal, US coal, and world coal averages.
Clean coal
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