Investigation of Changes in Groundwater Affected by the Electromagnetic Fields of the Earth to Predict Earthquake
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Investigation of Changes in Groundwater Affected by the Electromagnetic Fields of the Earth to Predict EarthquakeKeywords:
Earthquake prediction
Groundwater utilization as a source of clean water for the community increases, both for domestic and non-domestic needs, thus lowering the groundwater table. The Dayeuhkolot area is part of the Bandung-Soreang Groundwater Basin, which has a groundwater table decline resulting from excessive groundwater utilization. The Experimental Station of Groundwater modeled the groundwater condition in 2010-2020 concluded that the groundwater decline for a particular area reaches up to 50 m. This study aims to analyze the potential for groundwater table restoration that can be carried out at the research location by reducing groundwater utilization through the substitution of surface water use. The prospect of surface water that can be utilized can be identified by identifying its quantity and quality for the feasibility of using surface water as a substitute for groundwater utilization to implement the concept of conjunctive use. Groundwater modeling is carried out with a substitution scheme for groundwater utilization with surface water. Modeling results show that the reduction in groundwater utilization positively impacts the restoration of the water table level. Based on the model result, the groundwater level can recover as high as 2.37 m from 2020 conditions.
Conjunctive use
Groundwater model
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To properly manage the groundwater resources, it is necessary to analyze the impact of groundwater withdrawal on the groundwater level. In this study, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network was used to evaluate the groundwater level prediction performance and analyze the impact of the change in the amount of groundwater withdrawal from the pumping wells on the change in the groundwater level in the nearby monitoring wells located in Jeju Island, Korea. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency between the observed and simulated groundwater level was over 0.97. Therefore, the groundwater prediction performance of LSTM was remarkably high. If the groundwater level is simulated on the assumption that the future withdrawal amount is reduced by 1/3 of the current groundwater withdrawal, the range of the maximum rise of the groundwater level would be 0.06–0.13 m compared to the current condition. In addition, assuming that no groundwater is taken, the range of the maximum increase in the groundwater level would be 0.11–0.38 m more than the current condition. Therefore, the effect of groundwater withdrawal on the groundwater level in this area was exceedingly small. The method and results can be used to develop new groundwater withdrawal sources for the redistribution of groundwater withdrawals.
Groundwater model
Groundwater resources
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During the past decades,isotopic and tracer technologies are widely used for groundwater study,out of which groundwater dating using isotopes is prominent.This paper concludes that groundwater age is important in assessment of groundwater renewability,recognizing groundwater movement and mass transport process,and constraining parameters of groundwater model based on many case study examples both at home and abroad.Whereafter,this paper indicates that groundwater dating is disturbed by human activities and discrepancies of dating results are induced by using different methods of groundwater dating,as well as affected by mixing processes of groundwater and atmosphere-water-rock interactions naturally.This paper also points out that the ages of tracers in groundwater samples measured do not veritably represent those of groundwater itself,and factors influencing groundwater dating due to processes discussed above should be considered adequately.
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