Paleoflow Analysis of Late Paleozoic Gondwana Deposits of Giridih and Adjoining Basins and Paleogeographic Implications
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The Kanmantoo Group is a thick and largely metamorphosed sedimentary succession that filled an isolated arcuate Cambrian basin (Kanmantoo Trough) which formed within continental Gondwana, and now lies on the southern margin of the present Australian continent. Kanmantoo Group sediments unconformably overlie Neoproterozoic and older Cambrian rocks. We consider that the geometry of the southern part of this trough was influenced by strike-slip movement along an intra-continental tear fault. To the north, the basin changes to a style dominated by orthogonal extension and eventually tapers and dies out normal to the tear fault. Balanced sections show that the kinematic style and strain distribution developed during early Palaeozoic inversion was controlled by the specific architecture of the Kanmantoo Trough. Early Palaeozoic tear faulting could have linked contrasting subduction polarities along the then contiguous palaeo-Pacific margin of Gondwana. The Kanmantoo Trough is considered to have formed at a passive margin related to east-directed subduction in what is now the Australian continent. In contrast, west-directed subduction formed an active margin at contiguous parts of current Antarctica. Kanmantoo Group sediments were derived from the south by erosion of a Grenvillean province mixed with sediments eroded from the emergent active margin of Gondwana. The inception, localization and sedimentation in the Kanmantoo Trough reflects a complex interaction of tectonic processes along the encroaching Ross–Delamerian Orogen.
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IGCP 421—North Gondwana mid-Palaeozoic bioevent/biogeography patterns in relation to crustal dynamics—was directed towards analysis of bioevents (especially global extinctions and recoveries), major variation in biodiversity, and change in biogeographic differentiation along the North Gondwana continental margin during the mid-Palaeozoic. Incidental to this was integration of these data with the biofacies/lithofacies database for the region in pursuit of increased precision in stratigraphic alignments and improved palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatologic syntheses.
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Abstract A statistical technique is described that uses the geographical distribution of lithological indicators of climate (carbonates, evaporites, coals and tillites) to estimate the past position of the geographic pole. This technique was used to estimate the movement of the South Pole across the supercontinent of Gondwana during the Palaeozoic. Our results indicate that during the Cambrian and Early Ordovician the South Pole was located adjacent to northwestern Africa. The pole moved into the Amazon Basin during the Late Ordovician and into south-central Argentina during the Silurian. Throughout the Devonian and Early Carboniferous the pole moved slowly from a location in southern Argentina to a position near the south coast of Africa. From the Late Carboniferous and into the Permian the South Pole swung eastward across central Antarctica. The Early Palaeozoic and Late Palaeozoic portions of the palaeoclimatically determined APW path are in good agreement with available palaeomagnetic data. The Middle Palaeozoic portion of the palaeoclimatically determined APW path agrees better with the palaeomagnetic data that places the South Pole in southern Argentina, than with the palaeomagnetic results that place the Devonian pole in central Africa.
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