Engineering-Geological Data Model - The First Step to Build National Polish Standard for Multilevel Information Management
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Abstract:
The efficient geological data management in Poland is necessary to support multilevel decision processes for government and local authorities in case of spatial planning, mineral resources and groundwater supply and the rational use of subsurface. Vast amount of geological information gathered in the digital archives and databases of Polish Geological Survey (PGS) is a basic resource for multi-scale national subsurface management. Data integration is the key factor to allow development of GIS and web tools for decision makers, however the main barrier for efficient geological information management is the heterogeneity of data in the resources of the Polish Geological Survey. Engineering-geological database is the first PGS thematic domain applied in the whole data integration plan. The solutions developed within this area will facilitate creation of procedures and standards for multilevel data management in PGS. Twenty years of experience in delivering digital engineering-geological mapping in 1:10 000 scale and archival geotechnical reports acquisition and digitisation allowed gathering of more than 300 thousands engineering-geological boreholes database as well as set of 10 thematic spatial layers (including foundation conditions map, depth to the first groundwater level, bedrock level, geohazards). Historically, the desktop approach was the source form of the geological-engineering data storage, resulting in multiple non-correlated interbase datasets. The need for creation of domain data model emerged and an object-oriented modelling (UML) scheme has been developed. The aim of the aforementioned development was to merge all datasets in one centralised Oracle server and prepare the unified spatial data structure for efficient web presentation and applications development. The presented approach will be the milestone toward creation of the Polish national standard for engineering-geological information management. The paper presents the approach and methodology of data unification, thematic vocabularies harmonisation, assumptions and results of data modelling as well as process of the integration of domain model with enterprise architecture implemented in PGS. Currently, there is no geological data standard in Poland. Lack of guidelines for borehole and spatial data management results in an increasing data dispersion as well as in growing barrier for multilevel data management and implementation of efficient decision support tools. Building the national geological data standard makes geotechnical information accessible to multiple institutions, universities, administration and research organisations and gather their data in the same, unified digital form according to the presented data model. Such approach is compliant with current digital trends and the idea of Spatial Data Infrastructure. Efficient geological data management is essential to support the sustainable development and the economic growth, as they allow implementation of geological information to assist the idea of Smart Cites, deliver information for Building Information Management (BIM) and support modern spatial planning. The engineering-geological domain data model presented in the paper is a scalable solution. Future implementation of developed procedures on other domains of PGS geological data is possible.Keywords:
Thematic map
Geological survey
Geologic map
The PRB Digital Geological Mapping in 1∶250000 Yulin Sheet in Guangxi was done through digital mapping system(RGMAP).A set of work flow was summarized to improve mapping efficiency.The work flow consists of five stages,including input and validation of the previous geological data,field survey,drafting of data map and digital geologic map.Compared with the traditional work method in the geological survey of region,this work method has improved greatly work efficiency and quality of regional geological survey.
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Field survey
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The Wildhorse Mountain 7 ½′ Quadrangle includes part of the central San Pedro River and flanking valley fill, as well as areas of bedrock on both sides of the valley and at the south edge of the Quadrangle where the San Pedro River crosses bedrock at the San Pedro Narrows (Figure 1). Production of this new geologic map continues the Arizona Geological Survey mapping program of the San Pedro River valley. This mapping was done under the joint State-Federal STATEMAP program, as specified in the National Geologic Mapping Act of 1992, and was jointly funded by the Arizona Geological Survey and the U.S. Geological Survey under STATEMAP Program Contract award number 06HQAG0051. Mapping was compiled digitally using ESRI ArcGIS software.
Revised and re-released with funding from the USGS National Geological and Geophysical Data Preservation Program, award no. G17AP00114. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government.
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Geologic hazards
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The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is updating the geologic and structure maps of the Wallace and Kalispell 1 x 2 degrees quadrangles, which together cover approximately 33,000 square kilometers in Montana and Idaho, USA, and Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. The Wallace map was originally published in 1986 by Jack Harrison and others as USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1509-A, and the Kalispell map was originally published in 1992 by Jack Harrison and others as USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2267. Both maps were then digitized by staff at the USGS' Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center prior to 1994; digitization that would allow input into a geographic information system (GIS) was completed by USGS staff and contractors at the Spokane Field Office in 2000. Our updates will occur in two steps. First, we have updated the digital data in the attribute tables and geospatial features (points, lines, and polygons) in a format that complies with the Geologic Map Schema (GeMS). The GeMS is a new (2020) USGS standardized database design for the digital publication of geologic maps that is intended to bridge the gap between traditional geologic mapping and GIS communities at an operational level. Our data releases present the geologic maps as shown on the original map plates and captured in geospatial data for the published map. Minor errors, such as mistakes in line decoration or differences between the digital data and the map image, are corrected in these versions, but both maps faithfully represent the original publications. The modernized GIS data for both maps will be published before the Geological Society of America’s 2021 annual meeting. The second updates will involve new geologic mapping, as well as synthesizing other published geologic maps and reports, to provide significant updates on stratigraphic and structural data, age data for intrusive rocks, and interpretations of geologic development. Updating these geologic maps is foundational and a high priority for the USGS to facilitate on-going research and activities such as geologic mapping, petrologic studies, hazard assessments, mineral prospectivity mapping, energy assessments, and geoenvironmental evaluations.
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Thematic map
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