DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL HYDRODYNAMIC 3D MODEL FOR COMPUTATION AND FORECASTING OF OIL POLLUTIONS IN COASTAL MARINE ENVIRONMENT
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Models for transport and the long‐term fate of particles in coastal waters are essential for a variety of applications related to commerce, defense, public health, and the quality of the marine environment. Examples include: analysis of waste disposal and transport and the fate of contaminated materials; evaluation of burial rates for naval mines or archaeological artifacts; prediction of water‐column optical properties; analysis of transport and the fate of biological particles; prediction of coastal flooding and coastal erosion; evaluation of impacts of sea‐level or wave‐climate changes and coastal development; planning for construction and maintenance of navigable waterways; evaluation of habitat for commercial fisheries; evaluation of impacts of natural or anthropogenic changes in coastal conditions on recreational activities; and design of intakes and outfalls for sewage treatment, cooling systems, and desalination plants.
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The release of pollutants into coastal zones from municipal and/or industrial drainage systems is a problem with a considerable environmental impact.In order to minimize the contamination of coastal waters in certain places (e.g., along beaches and in aquacultures), solutions based on the construction of submarine sewer outfalls have been proposed.In order to ascertain the optimal conditions for the release of an emissary, in particular the place of release, it is necessary to characterize the hydrodynamic transport processes that govern the evolution and mixture of pollutants in the area of interest.Circulation in the coastal zone is complicated, given that it is determined by a set of forcing mechanisms of diverse origins (meteorological, astronomical, large-scale ocean circulation, etc.) that endow it with a considerable space-time variation.Wastewater plume behaviour and characteristics depend both on the receiving water conditions and on the discharge characteristics.Accordingly, the implementation of a submarine outfall system requires a prior study of the site where the outfall is to be constructed, in order to achieve optimal rates of dilution of the pollutants released to the environment.Mathematical modelling appears to be a very useful tool for coastal zone environmental management either for continuous monitoring analysis or in accidental ecosystem rupture.This work presents some results and conclusions of two case studies.The first is a study of the pollutant cloud released at the São Jacinto submarine sewer outfall, located about 3 km offshore and 3 km north of an important coastal lagoon (NW Portugal).The main focus of this study was to establish the hydrodynamic conditions in which the pollutant release might affect the coastline (principally the existing beaches and lagoon).The second case presents some hydrodynamic results and water quality aspects of the Ria de Arosa (NW Spain), and also includes an assessment of the environmental impact of wastewater discharges from nine submarine outfalls considered in the sanitation plan of this bay.Results of faecal matter concentration distribution were used in the discussion on the outfall discharges' impact on the natural water system for different hydrodynamic scenarios.In both cases, 3D numerical models were used.
Outfall
Marine ecosystem
Forcing (mathematics)
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Coastal sea
Ocean observations
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In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to water quality and environmental aspects related to sediment transport driven by both ambient forcing and human activities [...]
Forcing (mathematics)
Environmental Quality
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The coastal structures are unavoidable for various industrial operations. These are changing hydrodynamics of the marine and its adjacent areas; and are directly influencing environmental conditions of the marine environment. The sedimentation on shorelines is strongly under influence of the new structures. The methodology, which is introduced in the paper, is a comparative study of situation of sediments before and after constructing the coastal installations. It is a guiding tool for planners to find the influences of the new structures in the marine area.
Sedimentation
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