Ship-based observations of atmospheric potential oxygen and regional air–sea O<sub>2</sub> flux in the northern North Pacific and the Arctic Ocean
Shigeyuki IshidoyaHiroshi UchidaDaisuke SasanoNaohiro KosugiShoichi TaguchiMasao IshiiShinji MorimotoYasunori TohjimaShigeto NishinoShohei MurayamaShuji AokiKentaro IshijimaRyo FujitaDaisuke GotoTakakiyo Nakazawa
13
Citation
66
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
Simultaneous observations of atmospheric potential oxygen (APO=O2+1.1×CO2) and air–sea O2 flux, derived from dissolved oxygen in surface seawater, were carried out onboard the research vessel MIRAI in the northern North Pacific and the Arctic Ocean in the autumns of 2012–2014. A simulation of the APO was also carried out using a three-dimensional atmospheric transport model that incorporated a monthly air–sea O2 flux climatology. By comparing the observed and simulated APO, as well as the observed and climatological air–sea O2 fluxes, it was found that the large day-to-day variation in the observed APO can be attributed to the day-to-day variation in the local air–sea O2 fluxes around the observation sites. It was also found that the average value of the observed air–sea O2 fluxes was systematically higher than that of the climatological O2 flux. This could explain the discrepancy between the observed and simulated seasonal APO cycles widely seen at various northern hemispheric observational sites in the fall season.Review of "Atmosphere-ocean Exchange of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the Russian Arctic Ocean".This work reports the concentrations of PAHs and metals in air, water and snow in the Russian sector of the Arctic.There is no previous data for this sector, so this contribution is very important.The work is of mix quality, with sections that are generally well done, but other material that is erroneous or needs further work.The manuscript needs some work in order to present the data appropriately, improve the comparison with other studies for polar regions, and give some extra depth to the discussion.This revision is mainly for the PAHs part.I suggest moderate to major modifications before
Cite
Citations (0)
Iceberg
Canada Basin
Cite
Citations (5)
A model for H2O, CH4, H2 and odd hydrogen is developed that properly relates the measured mixing ratios in the stratosphere to escape of H in the form of Jeans flux, charge exchange and polar wind. The resulting model predicts a temperature-dependent jeans flux in agreement with recent measurements.
Mixing ratio
Atmospheric models
Cite
Citations (75)
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) has been identified as the major volatile sulfur compound in 628 samples of surface seawater representing most of the major oceanic ecozones. In at least three respects, its vertical distribution, its local patchiness, and its distribution in oceanic ecozones, the concentration of DMS in the sea exhibits a pattern similar to that of primary production. The global weighted-average concentration of DMS in surface seawater is 102 nanograms of sulfur (DMS) per liter, corresponding to a global sea-to-air flux of 39 × 10 12 grams of sulfur per year. When the biogenic sulfur contributions from the land surface are added, the biogenic sulfur gas flux is approximately equal to the anthropogenic flux of sulfur dioxide. The DMS concentration in air over the equatorial Pacific varies diurnally between 120 and 200 nanograms of sulfur (DMS) per cubic meter, in agreement with the predictions of photochemical models. The estimated source flux of DMS from the oceans to the marine atmosphere is in agreement with independently obtained estimates of the removal fluxes of DMS and its oxidation products from the atmosphere.
Dimethyl sulfide
Carbonyl sulfide
Sulfur Cycle
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate
Cite
Citations (508)
Cite
Citations (7)
Longitude
Seasonality
Cite
Citations (72)
Abstract A detailed analysis of intraseasonal (within season) and interannual (between years) temperature variability for the whole Arctic for the period 1951–90 is provided. For this purpose four temperature variables were used: average (TMEAN), maximum (TMAX) and minimum (TMIN) temperatures, and the diurnal temperature range (DTR). The source data for the analysis were the daily TMAX and TMIN for ten stations representing almost all climatic regions in the Arctic. The methods of calculation of temperature variability were mostly taken from Plummer ( 1996 ; Australian Meteorological Magazine 45 : 233). Thus the results presented for the Arctic can be fully compared with existing results for the other parts of the world (China, the former USSR, the USA and Australia). Regional trends in intraseasonal and interannual temperature variability were mixed and the majority of them were insignificant. Trends in intraseasonal variability were positive in the Norwegian Arctic and eastern Greenland and negative in the Canadian and Russian Arctic. Small increases in interannual variability for all temperature variables were observed annually in the Norwegian Arctic and eastern Greenland, and in the Canadian Arctic. These were largely a result of increases in winter and transitional seasons respectively. On the other hand, opposite tendencies, both on a seasonal and an annual basis, occurred in the Russian Arctic. Statistically significant negative trends in intraseasonal variability were noted mainly in the Canadian Arctic, whereas such trends in interannual variability were noted mainly in the Russian Arctic. The absence of significant changes in intraseasonal and interannual variability of TMEAN, TMAX, TMIN and DTR is additional evidence (besides the average temperature) that in the Arctic in the period 1951–90 no tangible manifestations of the greenhouse effect can be identified. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
Norwegian
Arctic dipole anomaly
Diurnal temperature variation
Cite
Citations (29)