STEM EDX Nitrogen Mapping of Nanoinclusions in Milky Diamonds from Juina, Brazil, Using a Windowless Silicon Drift Detector System
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Abstract:
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) performed using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in combination with a windowless detector setup allows high-resolution imaging and chemical composition mapping even of light elements present in low concentrations. The used TEM-system combines a field emission electron source with four silicon drift detectors allowing for high detection sensitivity. We used this enhanced system to investigate 20 to 200 nm sized inclusions in milky diamonds from Rio Soriso, Juina area, Brazil. The diamonds act as a chemical inert container and therefore protect their inclusions from further chemical reactions with their surroundings. We visualize the presence and distribution of nitrogen within focused ion beam (FIB) slices containing these nanoinclusions. The investigation of these specific diamonds may open a new window to deeper parts of the Earth (>660 km) as they represent pristine material of this deep mantle environment.Keywords:
Silicon drift detector
Recent measurements suggest that the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) may weigh as much as 25\% of the Milky Way. In this work we explore how such a large satellite affects mass estimates of the Milky Way based on equilibrium modelling of the stellar halo or other tracers. In particular, we show that if the LMC is ignored, the Milky Way mass is overestimated by as much as 50\%. This bias is due to the bulk motion in the outskirts of the Galaxy's halo and can be, at least in part, accounted for with a simple modification to the equilibrium modelling. Finally, we show that the LMC has a substantial effect on the orbit Leo I which acts to increase its present day speed relative to the Milky Way. We estimate that accounting for a $1.5\times10^{11} M_\odot$ LMC would lower the inferred Milky Way mass to $\sim10^{12} M_\odot$.
Large Magellanic Cloud
Satellite galaxy
Local Group
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