Structure and tectonics of the Albuquerque Basin segment of the Rio Grande rift: Insights from reflection seismic data
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Abstract:
The Albuquerque Basin, located in the central portion of the Rio Grande rift, is filled by 7,350 m of Tertiary clastic sediments deposited on a "basement" of Mesozoic and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and Precambrian crystalline rocks. The basin has been a center of Cenozoic volcanic activity over the last 37 m.y.Keywords:
Basement
The geodynamic evolution of Iran during Mesozoic-Cenozoic time is the story of formation and destruction of a convergent plate margin. This evolution has been controlled by the transition from ocea...
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Three geological provinces are recognized, separated by major fault zones: the oceanic Lofoten Basin and the Vestbakken volcanic province in the west; the southwestern Barents Sea basin province; and the eastern region which has largely acted as a stable platform since Late Paleozoic times. Since Middle Jurassic times, two structural stages are recognized in the southwestern Barents Sea: Late Mesozoic rifting and basin formation; and Early Tertiary rifting and opening of the Norwegian–Greenland Sea. This evolution reflects the main plate tectonic episodes in the North Atlantic–Arctic break-up of Pangea. Middle–Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous structuration were characterized by regional extension accompanied by strike-slip adjustments along old structural lineaments, which developed as the Bjørnøya, Tromsø and Harstad basins. Late Cretaceous development was more complex, with extension west of the Senja Ridge and the Veslemøy High, and halokinesis in the Tromsø Basin. Tertiary structuration was related to the two-stage opening of the Norwegian–Greenland Sea and the formation of the predominantly sheared western Barents Sea continental margin. Tectonic activity shifted towards the west in successive phases. The southwestern Barents Sea basin province developed within the De Geer Zone in a region of rift-shear interaction. Initially, oblique extension linked the Arctic and North Atlantic rift systems (Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous). Later, a continental megashear developed (Late Cretaceous–Paleocene), and finally a sheared-rifted margin formed during the opening of the Norwegian–Greenland Sea (Eocene–Recent).
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ЛИТОЛОГО-ПЕТРОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ И КОЛЛЕКТОРСКИЕ XАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ МЕЗОКАЙНОЗОЙСКИХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЙ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОЙ ЧАСТИ
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Sediments ranging from Mississippian to Pleistocene age were present in a series of shallow coreholes drilled in 1965 on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. Palynologic analyses of 110 samples from nine of these coreholes permit the recognition of 16 diagnostic biostratigraphic divisions within the late Mesozoic-Tertiary section. These divisions are defined on their spore, pollen, and/or dinoflagellate and acritarch assemblages. The geologic history and paleoecology can be reconstructed in part from the palynomorph assemblages. Mississippian rocks were recognized in only one of the coreholes (no. 10) and are of marine origin. The stratigraphic interval from Pennsylvanian to the End_Page 2146------------------------------ Aptian inclusive was not present in any of the stratigraphic tests. The oldest Early Cretaceous sediments of late Albian age are of continental origin. The Cenomanian-Turonian marked the onset of marine deposition which was relatively continuous throughout the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary. A climatic cooling first recognized in the early Miocene extended into the Pleistocene. Comparison is made with the data from the Pan Am IOE Tors Cove and Pan Am IOE Grand Falls wells drilled in 1966. The age determinations on 212 samples from 20 of the shallow coreholes have assisted greatly in the construction of a geologic subcrop map of the Grand Banks region. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2147------------
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(1978). Mesozoic-Cenozoic climates of Northern Asia and glacial-marine deposits. International Geology Review: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 49-58.
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Skaly prekambryjskie tworzą podloze calego kraju, lecz zostaly szczegolniej wyroznione i zbadane w trzech regionach: na prekambryjskiej platformie wschodnioeuropejskiej i w Karpatach, gdzie tworzą fundament krystaliczny ukryty pod skalami pieter osadowych, oraz na Dolnym Śląsku, gdzie są wlączone w system faldow waryscyjskich, wypietrzone i odsloniete. Skaly prekambryjskie roznią sie nie tylko polozeniem, ale takze budową tektoniczną i strukturalną, metamorfizmem regionalnym, wiekiem i stylem przebudowy. Odmiennie ksztaltowaly sie dzieje ich badan i niejednolity jest stopien rozpoznania. THE PRESENT STATE AND DIRECTIONS OF STUDIES ON THE PRECAMBRIAN ROCKS OF POLAND Although the whole basement of Poland is built of Precambrian rocks, these rocks were recorded and recognized in three regions only. They form crystalline basement overlain by rocks of sedimentary stages in the Precambrian Platform and the Carpathians, being incorporated in the Variscan fold system, uplifted and exposed in the Lower Silesia. Precambrian rocks of these three regions differ in location as well as in tectonic and structural units, regional metamorphism, age and style of reactivation. The history of studies of these rocks is also different, similarly as the degree of knowledge. In Poland, these rocks built crystalline basement on which rocks of Paleozoic and Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary stages were originating and undergoing structural rebuilding. The development of the latter was determined by movements of crystalline basement blocks, responsible for regional and tectonic differentiation of the sedimentary covers. The studies of crystalline basement of the East-European Platform were initiated in 1954 by making three drillings preceded by geophysical surveys. In the next years, there took place intense development in there studies, determined by search for metal ore deposits and bitumens in the sedimentary cover of the Platform. The geological studies on the crystalline basement are concentrated in the Geological Institute which makes possible appropriate planning of the works and synchronization of geophysical, drilling and mapping programs. On the basis of results of petrographic, mineralogical, geochemical, geochronological and deposit studies of core material from almost 200 boreholes, and rich geophysical data (including those from magnetic and gravimetric semi-detailed and detailed mapping), it was possible to prepare petrological map of the top of crystalline basement in the scale 1:500 000 and, subsequently, the map in the scale 1:200 000 in 34 sheets. The tectonic model and stratigraphic scheme of rocks of the crystalline basement were also prepared. The studies have been crowned with discovery of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite deposit in anorthosites in the Suwalki area and demonstration of its resources. Moreover, chemogenic hematite taconites were found at Łochow near Warsaw at 2400 m depth, and concentrations of rare earth elements – in nepheline syenites and carbonatites in the areas of Elk and Tajno. The history of studies on the Precambrian basement of the Carpathians and southern Poland began when crystalline rocks were found by a drilling at Rzeszotary in 1909. However, at that time it was not certain whether the drilling entered an exotic or autochtoneous crystalline massif. This question has not been solved before the end of the sixties, when deep drillings penetrated the Carpathian Flysch and entered crystalline basement. The knowledge of crystalline basement in this part of Poland is unsatisfactory as petrological maps, tectonic model and stratigraphic scheme are still missing. The available data show that the basement is strongly eroded ill the west, where the Carpathian Flysch rests on amphibolites fades metamorphic rocks, whereas in the east the Flysch rests on strongly diagenesed or weakly metamorphic rocks of the uppermost Precambrian. After the world war II, the Geological Institute began studies on crystalline rocks of the Lower Silesia, with detailed geological mapping of areas for which maps were still missing. Up to the present, 100 sheets of geological map in the scale 1: 25000 are completed and the remaining ones are in preparation. To carry out programs of stratigraphic, lithological, petrographic and tectonic studies and search for deposits, there has been called into existence the Lower Silesian Branch of the Geological Institute in Wroclaw. Along with time, the Lower Silesian Branch of the Geological Institute started introducing modern research techniques, as e.g. mesoscopic analysis in studies on tectonics, petrotectonic studies, geochemical analysis, analysis of radiogenic age, physical studies of rocks, geophysical studies, and biostratigraphic studies of “silent rock series”. The developments in the studies were accompanied by widening their range by deep drillings, especially in the forefield of the Sudety Mts. The results of these studies markedly changed views on stratigraphy, lithological development and metamophic alterations of the Precambrian.
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During the early two decades of third millennium, many Mesozoic and Cenozoic biotas belong to plesiosaur, Titanosauriformes, titanosaurs, theropods, Mesoeucrocodiles, pterosaur, bird, snake, fishes, mammals, eucrocodiles, invertebrates and plants from Pakistan were found. Previously a few were formally published according to nomenclatural rules. Most of the Mesozoic vertebrates were formally published in August 2021, and the remaining Mesozoic and Cenozoic biotas are being formally described here.
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