Hydrothermal Alterations and Petrophysical Properties: A Case Study of Yagodninskoe Zeolite Deposit, Kamchatka Peninsula
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The paper describes the secondary alteration and petrophysical properties of the host rocks in Yagodninskoe zeolite deposit (Kamchatka Peninsula). The deposit has hydrothermal origin where vitric tuffs and perlites have been transformed to zeolitebearing rocks. Intensity of zeolitization varies from moderate to almost totally altered rocks where glassy matrix is totally recrystallized to fine-grained zeolitic aggregate. Clinoptilolite and mordenite are the most abundant among zeolites; smectites and silica minerals are also presented in secondary mineral assemblage. The relationship between petrophysical properties of the rocks and petrographic features such as composition, structure and secondary alteration were studied. The special attention is given to intensity of hydrothermal alterations and their influence on the rock properties. 1. INTRODUCTION The study of natural zeolites and their deposits are of great interest in science and technology and remain relevant nowadays due to the special properties of these minerals and their wide usage in various sectors of the industry. Yagodninskoe deposit is a large deposit of natural zeolite, which has been prospected in Kamchatka Peninsula. It attracts many researchers due to the propagation of contrasted rock compositions, wide occurrence of ignimbrites and rhyolite tuffs, formation of large calderas, and dome-ring structures. A detailed study of the deposit area is important for better understanding of the evolution of magmatism, volcanic and hydrothermal activity in the area of Banno-Karymshinkii district. The main target of the presented research is to study alteration of volcanic rocks, to identify types and morphology of zeolites, to determine petrophysical properties of the host rocks and to assess the effect of hydrothermal alteration on rock properties. The samples were collected in 2011-2012 by the staff of Institute of Volcanology and Seismology during the field work. Forty samples of various alteration degree were selected from outcrops for laboratory studies.Keywords:
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Zeolites and authigenic/diagenetic clay minerals in Neogene sandstones of the East Slovakian Basin are closely related to the presence of locally‐abundant tuffs and tuffaceous sediments. In tuffs, plagioclase crystals, glass shards, and volcanic rock fragments alter to zeolites and clay minerals. In sandstones, zeolites are formed both from the direct alteration of volcanic rock fragments, and as authigenic pore‐filling minerals; clay minerals occur as diagenetic products of both volcanics and feldspars. Zeolites present include erionite, clinoptilolite, mordenite, analcime, and minor offretite, phillipsite, and laumontite. Authigenic/diagenetic clay minerals include smectite, illite, chlorite, and kaolinite. Vertical and lateral distributions of authigenic/ diagenetic mineral assemblages tend to follow published models. A complete paragenetic model of the occurrences of these minerals within the basin is not currently possible with the present, limited database. Diagenetic/authigenic mineral suites in sandstone hydrocarbon reservoirs present special problems for exploration and production technology. These problems include: (1) well‐log distortions; (2) reservoir permeability reduction through diagenesis; and (3) reduction of permeability through interactions between diagenetic clay minerals and zeolites and incompatible fluid systems. Recognition of problematic mineral suites in this study allows for the application of accepted technological solutions, which in turn could result in the increase of recoverable reserves in addition to those added by exploration efforts.
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Research Article| January 01, 2001 Occurrence of Zeolites in Sedimentary Rocks: An Overview Richard L. Hay; Richard L. Hay Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Richard A. Sheppard Richard A. Sheppard 11647 West 37th Place, Wheat Ridge, Colorado 80033 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Richard L. Hay Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 Richard A. Sheppard 11647 West 37th Place, Wheat Ridge, Colorado 80033 Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America First Online: 09 Mar 2017 © The Mineralogical Society Of America Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2001) 45 (1): 217–234. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2001.45.6 Article history First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Richard L. Hay, Richard A. Sheppard; Occurrence of Zeolites in Sedimentary Rocks: An Overview. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2001;; 45 (1): 217–234. doi: https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2001.45.6 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyReviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Search Advanced Search Zeolites have been known since the mid-1750s, but prior to the early 1950s, most reported occurrences of zeolites were in fracture fillings and amygdules in igneous rocks, particularly basaltic lava flows. Indeed, most of the large attractive zeolite specimens in museum collections were obtained from lavas. In recent years, zeolites have been recognized as important rock-forming constituents in low-grade metamorphic rocks and in a variety of sedimentary rocks. Most zeolites in sedimentary rocks are finely crystalline, that is they occur as microscopic or submicroscopic crystals, and they are therefore of little appeal to mineral collectors; however, deposits of this type... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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During the exploration for raw materials for the industry of cementing materials in the Hungarian Central-Mountains a large number of drill cores were tested in our laboratory.The tests were primarily carried out to classify the materials with respect to the cement and lime industry, but they enabled us to acquire a knowledge of the detailed geological and mineralogical — petrological setting of the explored areas, and also to study the hydro — thermal effects on rocks and their relations
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Supergene (geology)
Rift valley
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Secondary minerals assemblages that are deposited from thermal solutions at the top of geysers (Velikan, Bolshoy) were investigated. It is established that assemblages are represented mainly by opal and high-silica zeolites (mordenite and heulandite). As conditions of feeding hydrothermal reservoir change, minerals of the kaolinite group and smectites may appear.
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Alunite
Tridymite
Silicic
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Natural zeolite occurrences have been recognized in several Cenozoic pyroclastic deposits in central Sardinia. This study concerns the mineralogical and geochemical characterization of the zeolitized tuffites in the Asuni area (Oristano province) and aims to complement information regarding the zeolitization processes developed in the nearby Allai deposits. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, qualitative vs. quantitative microanalyses and bulk-rock geochemistry were performed. Analytical results allow defining the mineral distribution, textural relationships and geochemical features of the zeolite-bearing rocks. The most abundant secondary minerals are Ca-Na mordenites. Contrarily to the most common worldwide clinoptilolite + mordenite paragenesis, mordenite is dominant and occurs in different morphologies, rarely coexisting with clinoptilolite in the studied volcanic tuffites. Glauconite and dioctahedral smectite complete the authigenic assemblages. The primary volcanic components mostly include plagioclase, quartz and glass shards, roughly retaining their original appearance. The tuffites range in composition from dacite to rhyolite. The collected dataset shows that zeolitization is most abundant in coarser-grained deposits and points to a genetic process that mainly involves an open hydrothermal environment governed by aqueous fluids with significant marine component, in post eruption conditions.
Authigenic
Volcanic glass
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The Hatrurim Basin, Israel, is located on the western border of the Dead Sea Transform. This is one of the localities of a unique pyrometamorphic complex whose genesis remains problematic. This paper deals with zeolite-bearing rock that is known in the Hatrurim Basin only. The strata subjected to zeolitization is called the “olive unit” and consists of anorthite–pyroxene (diopside–esseneite) hornfels. Zeolitization occurred in an alkaline environment provided by the interaction of meteoric water with Portland-cement-like rocks of the Hatrurim Complex. The resulting zeolite-bearing rocks contain 20–30% zeolitic material. The main zeolitic minerals are calcic: thomsonite-Ca ± Sr, phillipsite-Ca, gismondine-Ca, and clinoptilolite-Ca. The remainder is calcite, diopsidic pyroxene, garnets (either Ti-andradite and/or hydrogrossular), and less frequently, fluorapatite, opal, and others. Their major mineralogical and chemical compositions resemble carbonated zeolite-blended Portland mortar. Rocks show different values of porosity. Their mechanical characteristics are much better for samples with porosity values below 24%. The related parameters are like those of blended concretes. The minimal age of zeolitization is 5 Ka. The natural zeolite-bearing rocks are resistant to weathering in the Levant desert climate.
Andradite
Grossular
Analcime
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The Italian zeolitic tuffs have been intensely exploited by family companies and are used, mainly, as building, insulation and decorative stone, whereas the fine powder resulted during the cutting of the blocks is used for feedstock and soil amendment. XRD, XRF and SEM/EDS techniques have been applied to study the zeolitic samples collected from quarries of Naples, Bolsena and Sorano areas. Two different types of chabazite, have been identified; a Ca-rich and a Ca, Mg, K, Na-rich, both accompanying K- and Na-rich phillipsite probably due to the chemistry of the original volcanic glass, but also to the presence of alkali and alkaline earths-rich pore fluids. All tuffs studied exhibit shoshonitic affinity and trachytic composition. The occurrence of glassy tuffs above those zeolitized tuffs studied, is a characteristic model for an early zeolite diagenesis of the volcanic glass in open hydrological systems.
Volcanic glass
Trachyte
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