Application of an Analytical Solution as a Screening Tool for Sea Water Intrusion
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Abstract:
Sea water intrusion into aquifers is problematic in many coastal areas. The physics and chemistry of this issue are complex, and sea water intrusion remains challenging to quantify. Simple assessment tools like analytical models offer advantages of rapid application, but their applicability to field situations is unclear. This study examines the reliability of a popular sharp-interface analytical approach for estimating the extent of sea water in a homogeneous coastal aquifer subjected to pumping and regional flow effects and under steady-state conditions. The analytical model is tested against observations from Canada, the United States, and Australia to assess its utility as an initial approximation of sea water extent for the purposes of rapid groundwater management decision making. The occurrence of sea water intrusion resulting in increased salinity at pumping wells was correctly predicted in approximately 60% of cases. Application of a correction to account for dispersion did not markedly improve the results. Failure of the analytical model to provide correct predictions can be attributed to mismatches between its simplifying assumptions and more complex field settings. The best results occurred where the toe of the salt water wedge is expected to be the closest to the coast under predevelopment conditions. Predictions were the poorest for aquifers where the salt water wedge was expected to extend further inland under predevelopment conditions and was therefore more dispersive prior to pumping. Sharp-interface solutions remain useful tools to screen for the vulnerability of coastal aquifers to sea water intrusion, although the significant sources of uncertainty identified in this study require careful consideration to avoid misinterpreting sharp-interface results.Keywords:
Saltwater intrusion
Seawater intrusion
Wedge (geometry)
Aquifer properties
Saltwater intrusion (SWI) is a widespread environmental problem that poses a threat to coastal aquifers. To address this issue, this research employs both numerical and experimental methods to study saltwater intrusion under the impact of sea level rise and varying freshwater boundary conditions in two homogeneous aquifers. The study compares transient numerical groundwater heads and salt concentrations to experimental results under receding-front and advancing front conditions. In the low permeability aquifer, the root mean square error is 0.33 cm and the R2 is greater than 0.9817. Similarly, in the high permeability aquifer, the root mean square error is 0.92 cm and the R2 is greater than 0.9335. The study also compares the results of ten experimental tests for steady-state saltwater intrusion wedge and toe length with seven different analytical solutions. The experimental results are then compared to these analytical solutions to find the most suitable equation. The Rumer and Harleman equation shows good agreement with experimental saltwater intrusion wedge, while the Anderson equation is a good fit for saltwater intrusion toe length. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers, and the findings can be used to inform policies and management strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of saltwater intrusion. The investigation shed light on how inland water head and Sea Level Rise (SLR) affect SWI behavior.
Saltwater intrusion
Wedge (geometry)
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As result of density difference between seawater and fresh water in coastal aquifers, a transition zone between two fluids is formed. A wedge of saltwater can be entered in coastal areas to the aquifer. Seawater intrusion rate and extent of transition zone depends on several factors including: changes in sea level, aquifer characteristics, hydrologic conditions of upstream, discharging from the aquifer, tidal and seasonal fluctuations of sea water. In this paper height of interface between seawater and freshwater in Mazandaran coastal aquifers is calculated by relationships that have been used in previous researches. Then Babol– Amol aquifer has reviewed by using of existing data in Water Company of Mazandaran and past researches. According to the available information, the development of exploitation of three zones (Alashroud to Haraz, Haraz to Babolroud and Babolroud to Talar river in Amol- Babol aquifer in south of Caspian Sea) for distances less than 2000 m to sea is possible in the Haraz to Alash river. The total amount of water from this study to can be discharged in the three regions is 505 million cubic meters, based on available data. According to statistics, 458 million cubic meters of these three areas are allowed to be discharged. Therefore, taking into account the withdrawal of unallowable wells, it can be assumed that the saltwater intrusion has more than 2000 meters to the coast. The results of this study are based on the hydrodynamic parameters of the aquifer for the past 9 years and seawater intrusion may be aggravated by climate change and hydrodynamic parameters change of in this aquifer. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully study hydrodynamic parameters of this aquifer.
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Seawater intrusion beneath a semipervious layer in a two‐layer coastal aquifer system is described. Freshwater can occur beneath the aquitard because of the head losses induced by upward flow through the semipervious layer. A steady state Dupuit model is formulated to predict the piezometric head variation landward of and above the intruding seawater. Exact solutions are given for the landward head variation, but a numerical solution is necessary for the zone above the intruding seawater. The mathematical model is compared to experimental results of a Hele‐Shaw model study of Long Island, New York. The analysis provides reasonable predictions of the shape of the interface between freshwater and seawater, but the location of the toe of the seawater wedge is inadequately described, apparently because of regional flow conditions on the island that are not simulated in the analysis.
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Seawater intrusion problems are recorded in coastal aquifers, which constitute the main sources of drinking water and agricultural irrigation in many countries. The aim of this work is to describe the evolution of the salinity distribution by seawater intrusion, based on results from chemical analyses, of 29 groundwater samples in the NWAchaia area (Peloponnesus, Greece). The study of these data indicates that aquifer waters in large part of area reflect salinization related to seawater intrusion. The occurrence of Ca-CI hydrochemical types of groundwater indicates active seawater intrusion. Cation exchange is the most noticeable hydrogeochemical process in the movement of the saline front in the coastal aquifer. Geographical distribution of Careact index was mapped. The areas with advance or decline of the seawater intrusion front are defined from this map.
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Abstract Over-exploitation of groundwater induced seawater intrusion throughout coastal plains of Korea. To protect groundwater resources from the seawater intrusion hazards, a monitoring programme was undertaken. Groundwater data obtained from 45 seawater intrusion monitoring wells were evaluated in this study. The groundwater levels were mainly affected by pumping for agricultural irrigation and tidal fluctuations. Decreases in water levels accompanied increases in electrical conductivities. Vertical profile of electrical conductivity indicated progressive seawater encroachment. A detailed investigation and mitigation measure should be undertaken for the areas where electrical conductivities are continuously increasing. Keywords: seawater intrusiongroundwater developmentcoastal areaselectrical conductivityKorea Acknowledgements This research was supported by a grant (code 3-3-2) from Sustainable Water Resources Research Center of 21st Century Frontier Research Program.
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