3D Analysis of Rock Textures
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Texture (cosmology)
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Characterization
Texture (cosmology)
Petroleum reservoir
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ABSTRACT In this study, the use of ground‐penetrating radar for characterising ornamental sedimentary rocks was tested. Specifically, the ability of this non‐invasive geophysical prospecting method to identify fabrics and textures in rocks was investigated. Blocks mined from quarries were analysed, and ornamental rocks with the same lithologies as other widely utilised ornamental rocks with a variety of sedimentary fabrics and textures were selected. Rocks with clastic brechoid, cross‐laminated sparitic, massive or layered micritic, and laminar bindstone textures were analysed. Antennas that provided the maximum detail and a sufficient depth of penetration were used. The low electrical conductivity of carbonates permitted the use of high‐frequency antennas (800 MHz and 1.6 GHz), which were useful in studying the entire thickness of a boulder (up to 2 m). The cross‐laminations in the oolitic limestones, the laminar bindstones of travertines, the differentiation between massive and brecciated fabrics, and the massive and slaty fabrics of the mic‐ritic limestones were examined using these two frequencies. In micritic textures without discontinuities (neither sedimentary nor diagenetic), the radargrams could detect facies with few reflections ( Crema Marfil ). In addition to analysing fabrics and textures, the ground‐penetrating radar measurements could identify anisotropy in these rocks, which makes ground‐penetrating radar an effective tool for evaluating the mechanical state of a boulder prior to its cutting.
Lithology
Ground-Penetrating Radar
Classification of discontinuities
Prospecting
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As part of our study on ''Relationships between seismic properties and rock microstructure'', we have (1) Studied relationships between velocity and permeability. (2) Used independent experimental methods to measure the elastic moduli of clay minerals as functions of pressure and saturation. (3) Applied different statistical methods for characterizing heterogeneity and textures from scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) images of shale microstructures. (4) Analyzed the directional dependence of velocity and attenuation in different reservoir rocks (5) Compared Vp measured under hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic stress conditions in sands. (6) Studied stratification as a source of intrinsic anisotropy in sediments using Vp and statistical methods for characterizing textures in sands.
Hydrostatic equilibrium
Hydrostatic pressure
Saturation (graph theory)
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Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy is a nondestructive method providing ultra-high-resolution 3D digital images of rock microstructures. We describe this method and, to demonstrate its wide applicability, we present 3D images of very different rock types: Berea sandstone, Fontainebleau sandstone, dolomite, calcitic dolomite, and three-phase magmatic glasses. For some samples, full and partial saturation scenarios are considered using oil, water, and air. The rock images precisely reveal the 3D rock microstructure, the pore space morphology, and the interfaces between fluids saturating the same pore. We provide the raw image data sets as online supplementary material, along with laboratory data describing the rock properties. By making these data sets available to other research groups, we aim to stimulate work based on digital rock images of high quality and high resolution. We also discuss and suggest possible applications and research directions that can be pursued on the basis of our data.
Tomographic reconstruction
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Geomechanics
Texture (cosmology)
Rock fragment
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Texture (cosmology)
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