HYDROCHEMISTRY AND MAPPING OF THE GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION INDEX IN CHANGCHUN CITY, CHINA
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Groundwater Contamination
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Groundwater Contamination
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Due to the impact of human agricultural production and climate and environmental changes, the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes has attracted widespread attention. In order to quantify the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in Hailun and evaluate its suitability for drinking purposes, 55 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed. The results show that groundwater in aquifers in the study area is weakly alkaline. The content is in the order HCO3-> Cl-> SO42- for anions, and Ca2+> Na+> Mg2+ for cations. Groundwater chemical type were dominated by HCO3-Ca• Mg, HCO3-Ca• Na, HCO3-Ca, and HCO3 - Ca • Mg • Na. The Gibbs plot, PCA, and CAI-1 index show that ion exchange, rock weathering and evaporation crystallization are the main reasons affecting the water chemical composition in Hailun. The analysis of water samples based on the WQI model revealed that about 69.09%, 25.45%, 1.81%, and 3.63% of the water samples were excellent, good, very poor, and unsuitable for drinking purposes, respectively. The spatial distribution map of water quality index show that most of the groundwater resources in the study area are not polluted and therefore suitable for drinking.
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Abstract Iran's groundwater hydrochemistry has not been well understood. In this study, Iran's groundwater hydrochemistry is evaluated using a rich, ground‐trusted data sampled from 9,468 wells distributed across the country in 2011. Twelve groundwater quality parameters were analyzed in each sample, resulting in 113,616 parameters over the study period. Examination of anions‐cations shows that concentrations of sodium, calcium, chloride, and sulphate are higher than the acceptable threshold for drinking‐use suggested by the World Health Organization in about 40%, 21%, 25%, and 20% of the samples, respectively. The results of the water quality index reveal that most of the groundwater resources in the central, southern and eastern regions of Iran, which supply the majority of the domestic water for populated cities, do not meet the requirements for drinking‐use. Although the groundwater in northern parts fulfills the requirements for irrigation‐use, it is only suitable for irrigation of salinity‐friendly crops in central, eastern and southern regions. Ionic types and hydrochemistry facies indicate the dominance of mix water type in 13 out of 30 of Iran's sub‐basins, followed by sodium‐chloride water type in nine sub‐basins. Local geology and lithology are mainly attributed to the distribution of groundwater facies in Iran. In general, our findings reveal a distinctive relationship between Iran's geological‐geomorphological features and hydrochemical facies/groundwater quality. The findings can be used in the formulation of new strategies and policies for Iran's groundwater quality management in the future.
Lithology
Dominance (genetics)
Wadi
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High concentrations of nitrate in groundwater pose a threat to human health. To quantify groundwater nitrate pollution in China's Changchun New District and evaluate its human health risks, 98 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed. The spatial distribution of groundwater chemical components was variable with concentrations descending from TDS > HCO3 − > Ca2+ > NO3 − > SO4 2- > Na+ > Cl− > Mg2+ > K+ > NO2 − > NH4 +. Notably, NO3 − concentrations ranged from 0.02–492.72 mg/L and averaged 98.62 mg/L. Over 50% of samples exceeded the Quality Standard for Groundwater of China Class III N threshold (20 mg/L). Principal component analysis determined that NO3 contamination was primarily due to the excessive use of fertilizers in agriculture. A human health risk assessment model was used to assess the potential health risks of groundwater NO3 − via drinking water and skin contact pathways. Approximately 90% of adults, 66% of children, and 45% of infants had acceptable health risks in the study area. NO3 − exposure risk in the towns of Longjia and Xiyingcheng was the highest, while urban areas tended to have lower exposures. The health risks of residents, especially minors and infants, were concerned.
Health Risk Assessment
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Abstract The interaction between surface water and ground water (SW-GW) is an important mechanism affecting wetland hydrological process and its ecological environment. Jixi Wetland, located in the western part of Jinan City, East China, was selected as the study area. The surface water bodies include Yuqinghu Reservoir, Yellow River, Yufu River, Jiping Trunk Channel and Xiaoqing River. Groundwater includes shallow pore water and deep fracture karst water. To strengthen water management and protection and understand different water exchange in the Jixi Wetland, ion composition, stable isotopes (δ 18 O and δ 2 H) and deuterium excess were studied. The result shows that the characteristic cation is Ca 2+ , and the characteristic anion is HCO 3 − . The main hydrochemical types of wetland water, Sedimentation Basin water and groundwater are HCO 3 ⋅Cl - Ca⋅Mg water, the water of Jiping Trunk Channel is HCO 3 ⋅Cl - Na⋅Mg type, the water of Yufu River is HCO 3 ⋅Cl - Ca⋅Na type, and the water of Yellow River is HCO 3 ⋅Cl - Na⋅Ca type. There is a hydraulic connection between SW-GW. The evaporation is strong in the surface water, while it plays a weak role in the groundwater. The dominant hydrogeochemical processes in the study area are lixiviation and cation alternating adsorption.
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The unreasonable development and utilization of groundwater in Dehui City, China, has resulted in poor groundwater quality conditions. Based on the collection of a large amount of groundwater chemical data and hydrogeological data collected by Dehui City from 1992 to 2015, this paper uses hydrogeological analysis, graphic and other methods and ArcGIS toolbox to analyze the groundwater quality of this City. The study shows that the concentration of groundwater chemical components in the vicinity of the Songhua River is decreasing with time, and the concentration of groundwater chemical components in other regions is increasing with time. The increase of chemical concentrations are affected by human activities and water-rock interaction. The decrease of groundwater chemical concentration in Songhua River area is caused by the mixing between dilute river water and groundwater.
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Abstract Groundwater contamination risk assessment is a useful tool for groundwater prevention and control. In this study, groundwater risk assessment model was used to assess the risk to groundwater contamination in the southern suburb of Yinchuan city, north-western China. The high and higher contamination risks of the groundwater are mainly distributed in the southern part of the study area. The proportion of groundwater distribution risk in extremely low and low areas is relatively large, most of which are located on the east and west sides of the water source area. Groundwater depth, net recharge and pollution loading are main factors affecting the contamination risk on the study area. The evaluation results have practical significance for urban planning and construction, groundwater management and protection, and sustainable utilization of water resources.
Groundwater Pollution
Groundwater Contamination
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