Seafloor displacement at Kumano-nada caused by the 2004 off Kii Peninsula earthquakes, detected through repeated GPS/Acoustic surveys
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Abstract In 2004, we started monitoring crustal deformation at Kumano-nada in the Nankai trough using the GPS/Acoustic technique. We observed a large southward seafloor displacement of ∼30 cm associated with the off Kii Peninsula earthquake, which occurred in September 2004, between our two survey campaigns in August and November 2004. The observed seafloor displacement is larger than that predicted from a slip model derived solely from GPS measurements on land. This may indicate the earthquake fault is slightly shallower and extends move to the NW than previously estimated.Keywords:
Seafloor Spreading
Peninsula
Trough (economics)
The present study describes the mesoscale trough that often occurs over the Korean peninsula during the excursion of the Siberian High and investigates the mechanisms of its formation using both observations and a three-dimensional atmospheric numerical model. The mesoscale trough begins to form in the morning hours and shows a well-defined structure through-out the peninsula in the afternoon according to the case observed on 14-15 February 1986, during which the air temperature over the peninsula is higher than normal. It shows a weakening tendency in the early morning hours of the second day, but develops again during the daytime until it dissipates as the high pressure system over China moves eastward. A numerical simulation of this mesoscale trough produces fairly well the major observed features such as the temporal and spatial distribution of sea-level pressure. The results from various numerical experiments indicate that the mesoscale trough observed on 14-15 February 1986 forms as a result of the dynamical and thermal impacts of the mountain ranges on the Korean peninsula and the thermal contrast between the air over the peninsula and the neighboring seas under a relatively warmer winter day condition, with which surface sensible heat flux into the atmosphere during daytime is significantly larger over the peninsula than that over the neighboring seas. The trough over the northern half of the peninsula is mainly formed by the dynamical and thermal effects of the mountains in the northern peninsula, while the trough over the southern half of the peninsula is primarily formed by the thermal effects of the elevated area and the thermal contrast between air over the peninsula and the neighboring seas.
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In dealing with the question of the pastures of Banks Peninsula it is necessary first of all to say something about the special features of the district and its past . . history, because the Peninsula.as we know it is totally different from what it was at the time of European occupation, and vastly different from the Banks Peninsula of a still earlier period.
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Marine magnetic profiles over the Red Sea between 18° N and 25° N latitudes confirm previous hypotheses that strongly magnetic rocks underlie the axial trough. The symmetrical nature of the anomalies and their close correspondence to seafloor spreading magnetic models support a rifting origin for the trough. The dominant magnetic anomaly trends strike about N 35° W in the northern and southern parts of the trough. In the central region between 20° and 22° N the trend direction is about N 60° E. Geometrical considerations of possible spreading mechanisms suggest that the true separation direction of Africa away from Arabia near 21° N latitude is in either a N 10° E or N 60° E direction. The separation rates then are 3.2 cm a -1 and 2.0 cm a -1 , respectively.
Seafloor Spreading
Trough (economics)
Anomaly (physics)
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‘Seafloor spreading and magnetic anomalies’ begins with the Vine–Matthews Hypothesis, which proposed that strips of seafloor parallel to the mid-ocean ridges, where two plates diverge from one another, were magnetized in opposite directions because the Earth’s field had reversed itself many times. A test of the Vine–Matthews Hypothesis, which required determining the age of the seafloor, became a test of seafloor spreading. Dating the ocean floor using magnetic anomalies detected by magnetometers towed behind ships and core samples extracted during the Deep-Sea Drilling Project confirmed the hypothesis. With magnetic anomalies to date the seafloor and a curve relating seafloor depth and age, the difference between the Atlantic, with its ‘ridge’, and the Pacific and its ‘rise’ became comprehensible. With a theory for predicting the depths of oceans, it was also possible to understand the history of sea-level changes.
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The cultural exchange for ancient Jiaodong Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula is determined by the particular geographical conditions. As early as 7000 years ago, the two peninsulas began to culturally exchange, and finally the culture in Jiaodong Peninsula replaced the aboriginal culture in Liaodong Peninsula. During the reign of Hanwudi in the Han Dynasty, the county system was established in Liaodong Peninsula, the advanced culture of Jiaodong Peninsula was accepted by people in Liaodong Peninsula. By the end of Han dynasty, the cultures in the two peninsulas had been combined to each other under the influence of Confucian thoughts.
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