Fractionation of Metal Stable Isotopes by Higher Plants
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Research Article| December 01, 2009 Fractionation of Metal Stable Isotopes by Higher Plants Friedhelm von Blanckenburg; Friedhelm von Blanckenburg 1German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Telegrafenberg 14473 Potsdam, Germany E-mail: fvb@gfz-potsdam.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Nicolaus von Wirén; Nicolaus von Wirén 2Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Corrensstr. 3 106466 Gatersleben, Germany E-mail: vonwiren@ipk-gatersleben.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Monika Guelke; Monika Guelke 3Institut für Mineralogie, Universität Hannover 30167 Hannover, Germany E-mail: m.guelke@mineralogie.uni-hannover.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Dominik J. Weiss; Dominik J. Weiss 4Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College and The Natural History Museum London, London SW7 5PD, UK E-mail: d.weiss@imperial.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Thomas D. Bullen Thomas D. Bullen 5U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA E-mail: tdbullen@usgs.gov Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Friedhelm von Blanckenburg 1German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Telegrafenberg 14473 Potsdam, Germany E-mail: fvb@gfz-potsdam.de Nicolaus von Wirén 2Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Corrensstr. 3 106466 Gatersleben, Germany E-mail: vonwiren@ipk-gatersleben.de Monika Guelke 3Institut für Mineralogie, Universität Hannover 30167 Hannover, Germany E-mail: m.guelke@mineralogie.uni-hannover.de Dominik J. Weiss 4Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College and The Natural History Museum London, London SW7 5PD, UK E-mail: d.weiss@imperial.ac.uk Thomas D. Bullen 5U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA E-mail: tdbullen@usgs.gov Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1811-5217 Print ISSN: 1811-5209 © 2009 by the Mineralogical Society of America Elements (2009) 5 (6): 375–380. https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.5.6.375 Article history First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Friedhelm von Blanckenburg, Nicolaus von Wirén, Monika Guelke, Dominik J. Weiss, Thomas D. Bullen; Fractionation of Metal Stable Isotopes by Higher Plants. Elements 2009;; 5 (6): 375–380. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.5.6.375 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyElements Search Advanced Search Abstract Higher plants induce chemical reactions in the rhizosphere, facilitating metal uptake by roots. Fractionation of the isotopes in nutrients such as calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc produces a stable isotope composition in the plants that generally differs from that of the growth medium. Isotope fractionation also occurs during transport of the metals within most plants, but its extent depends on plant species and on the metal, in particular, on the metal's redox state and what ligand it is bound to. The metal stable isotope variations observed in plants create an isotope signature of life at the Earth's surface, contributing substantially to our understanding of metal cycling processes in the environment and in individual organisms. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.Accretionary wedge
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Fluvial fans represent one of the dominant sedimentary systems at the active margins of non-marine foreland basins. The Puig-reig anticline at the north-eastern margin of the Ebro Foreland Basin (SE Pyrenees, Spain) exposes continuous outcrops of Late Eocene-Early Oligocene fluvial deposits, from proximal to medial fluvial fan environments. The proximal deposits are found in the north limb of the anticline, especially in the northwest zone. These deposits are characterised by conglomerates with minor interbedded sandstones, with thick and wide sheet-like geometries with unscoured or variably scoured basal surfaces. These are interpreted to be the deposits of unconfined flash floods and wide-shallow channel streams. The medial deposits, covering the rest of the anticline, consist of interbedded conglomerates, sandstones and claystones. These are interpreted to have been deposited from braided to meandering channel streams and overbank areas. Distal deposits are found towards the south, beyond the anticline, and are characterised by sandstone and clay deposits of terminal lobes and lacustrine deltas. This study assesses the impact of the primary depositional characteristics, diagenesis and deformation of the most heterolithic portion of the system, with implications for increasing our understanding of folded fluvial reservoirs. Diagenetic processes, mainly mechanical compaction and calcite cementation, resulted in overall low intergranular porosity, with limited relatively high porosity developed in sandstone lithofacies in the medial deposits. Deformation associated with thrusting and fold growth resulted in the formation of abundant fractures, with relatively high fracture intensities observed in sandstone lithofacies in the anticline crest. This study shows that post-depositional processes can both improve and diminish the reservoir potential of basin proximal fluvial deposits, through the development of fracture networks and by compaction-cementation. The comparison of the Puig-reig anticline with other similar settings worldwide indicates that foreland basin margin locations may be potential areas for effective reservoirs, even in the case of low intergranular porosity.
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Pennsylvanian foreland deformation associated with the Ouachita orogene reactivated a west-northwest-east-southeast Cambrian basement trend, the southern Oklahoma aulacogen, to form the Wichita uplift, southwest Oklahoma. The 30-km-wide subsurface Frontal fault zone separates the uplift from the Anadarko basin to the north. Horizontal shortening across this fault zone is estimated at 7-15 km (20-40%), vertical displacement totals 9-10 km from the uplift to the basin. Folds are mapped on an interformational scale within the Frontal fault zone, and on an intraformational scale (Cambro-Ordovician Arbuckle Group) in the Slick Hills, southwest Oklahoma. Additional shortening occurred along southwest dipping mountain flank thrusts and on bedding plane thrusts, respectively. Hanging wall blocks of major faults contain the shallow dipping limb and anticlinal hinge zone of the interformational scale folds. Oil and gas production is generally restricted to these anticlinal crests within Paleozoic rocks. Deep wells (> 6000 m) that have penetrated footwall imbricates of the mountain flank thrusts have drilled through steep-overturned beds and tight recumbent folds before passing through faults into a normal stratigraphic sequence. Basement thrust loading of the southern margin of the Anadarko basin controlled the trend (west-northwest-east-southeast) of the axis of maximum deposition within the basin during the Pennsylvanian.
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