Quaternary Provinces and Domains – a quantitative and qualitative description of British landscape types
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Description of the Lena Drainage Basin A Periglacial Environment Floodplain, Delta and Periglacial Landforms Fluvial Dynamics and Landforms Thermal Erosion and its Impact on the Fluvial Forms Impact of Climatic Change on the Hydrosystem Conclusion References
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Although commonly found in deserts, our knowledge about inverted relief landforms is very limited. The so-called 'Gravel Body' in the northern Kumtagh Desert is an example of an inverted relief landform created by the exhumation of a former fluvial gravel channel. The common occurrence of these landforms indicates that fluvial processes played an important role in shaping the Kumtagh Desert in the past 151 ka. A physical model is presented to reconstruct the palaeohydrology of these fluvial channels in terms of several measurable parameters including terrain slope, boulder size, and channel width. Combining the calculated palaeoflood depth, the maximal depth of channel bed eroded by wind, and the current height of inverted channels with the age of the aeolian sediments covered by gravels, the local wind erosion rate is estimated to be 0.21–0.28 mm/year. It is shown that wind erosion occurring in the Kumtagh Desert is no more severe than in adjacent regions. Since the modern Martian environment is very similar to that of hyperarid deserts on Earth, and Mars was once subjected to fluvial processes, this study will be helpful for understanding the origin of analogous Martian surface landforms and their causative processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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In recent years,promoted by tremendous demands from national economic construction,great progress has been made in geomorphology and Quaternary geology in China.This article generalizes the recent progresses,mainly those in the period 2006-2008,including the progress in the fields of tectonic landforms,fluvial landforms,eolian landforms,glacial landforms,estuary and coastal landforms and Quaternary environmental evolution.Furthermore some suggestions are proposed to develop the discipline in the following aspects:(1) Studies of basic theories;(2) Research into applied geomorphology and Quaternary geology concerning the key construction projects;(3) Experimental studies,both in laboratories and in field surveys;(4) Training of young geomorphologists and Quaternary geologists.
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Fluvial deposits on the palaeo-fluvial terraces of Danxia landform areas were dated by using TL technique. Tectonic uplift rates were obtained by dividing the heights of the paIaeo-fluvial terraces above current average water level. The geomorphic ages were then calculated from the tectonic uplift rates and the relative heights of Danxia strata. The cliff retreating rates were deduced from the geomorphic ages and the cliff valley width. Finally the continent erosional rates were estimated by surveying the sediment volume that had been eroded out with the geomorphic ages. This study is a new attempt in geomorphology to step from qualitative description to quantitative determination of earth surface landform processes.
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The well preserved landforms of the Vaigai river delta in Tamil Nadu stand testimony to the Quaternary sea level changes, fluvial dynamics of the river and the morphotectonic movements of the region. The geomorphic mapping performed using high resolution satellite images brought out the occurrence of unique set of landforms like beachrocks, abandoned channels, deltaic lobes etc. that indicate the dynamic evolution of the Vaigai delta during the Quaternary period assisted by the palaeo sea level fluctuations, preferential migration of the river and land upliftment due to neotectonic movements. The occurrences of extensive sand dunes further suggest the strong aeolian action in the geomorphic evolution of the delta and also the Quaternary climatic changes of the region.
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The headward extent of fluvial landforms and associated vegetation on massanutten mountain, Virginia
Abstract Variation in fluvial landforms and associated vegetation in the headward (upstream) direction has received little study and the controlling factors are not well understood. The relations among channel gradient, basin area, stream order, and the headward extent of fluvial landforms and vegetation was studied in 18 small basins and larger nearby stream reaches in the Massanutten Mountain area, northern Shenandoah Valley, Virginia. Low‐order streams were traversed to their basin heads. Notice was made of the point or region of the disappearance of fluvial landforms. Indicator species were used to confirm landform identification. The studied landforms include the channel bar, channel shelf, floodplain, and terraces. Basin geomorphic characteristics were determined from topographic and geologic maps and ground surveys. Results suggest that gradient is the most important factor controlling the development of fluvial landforms. Floodplains have not developed along stream reaches where average channel gradients exceed 0.15. Channel shelves and associated vegetation occur farther upstream than floodplains.
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