Distributed, right-lateral strike-slip in Prins Karls Forland, western Svalbard
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Abstract:
The 'Scotiadalen Fault'appears on many maps but has not been identified as a single fault in the field. In addition, the sense of motion on the fault has been an open question. Here I show that this structure is a zone of distributed dextral strike-slip that is probably the result of Tertiary plate motion as the North Atlantic opened. As such it is one of the very few fault zones documented to show direct evidence of dextral, presumably Tertiary, strike-slip.Keywords:
Transform fault
Echelon formation
Echelon formation
Transtension
Transpression
Transform fault
Extensional fault
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In central British Columbia, north-trending dextral strike-slip faults that cut Late Eocene granite also truncate northwest-trending dextral strike-slip faults. The northwest-trending strike-slip faults bound the Wolverine Metamorphic Complex (Wolverine Complex), which has been uplifted primarily by northwest–southeast Eocene crustal extension and somewhat by Late Eocene northerly extension. The crustal extension is indicated by shallow-dipping extensions faults, dyke complexes, and stretching lineations. The Wolverine Complex and its bounding faults define a crustal pull-apart in an en echelon dextral transform. The northwest- and north-trending dextral strike-slip faults in central British Columbia are the continuations of faults that transect the interior of the North American Cordillera, and they represent at least two distinct plate boundaries intermittently active during the Early to Middle Eocene, and the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene. Each of these systems consists of en echelon strike-slip faults linked by extensional pull-aparts, locally represented by metamorphic core complexes. These two plate-boundary systems represent two distinct plate-motion configurations between the North American and Kula–Pacific plates. The older plate boundary is truncated and disrupted by the younger one. These two systems may in turn be disrupted by a younger and different plate-motion configuration represented by the transverse Basin and Range extension complex and its northern and southern transform boundary faults.
Metamorphic core complex
Transform fault
Echelon formation
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The NNE-trending Isfjorden-Ymerbukta Fault Zone is an oblique structural element within the NNW-trending Tertiary transpressional fold-thrust belt of Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway. It can be traced for nearly 50 km, and separates two different structural domains in the fold-thrust welt of Oscar II Land, Central Spitsbergen. The fault zone is more than 500 m wide and contains several segments of highly folded/rotated, faulted and cleaved Triassic through Paleocene rocks. Displacement across the fault zone can be decomposed into (i) a reverse, top-to-the-ENE component with a minimum 650 m vertical throw, and (ii) a horizontal dextral component of approximately 5-10 km. Displacement across the fault decreases northward along strike, where the fault zone merges into parallelism with a ramp-system of the fold-thrust belt. Inherited, underlying Devonian(?)-Carboniferous structures may have controlled the location of the fault zone. Detailed studies of map and mesoscale faults and folds reveal complex geometries and varied kinematic signatures across the fault zone width. Along the southwest portion of the fault zone (Ramfjellet-Erdmannflya) three major fault segments record oblique-reverse (Morenekilen fault), combined oblique-reverse and oblique-normal (Straumhallet fault), and dextral strike-slip (Flydammane fault) movements, respectively. Further northeast (Mehøgda-Bohemanflya), a traverse from west to east of three structural domains shows; (1) thrusts and associated folds that record oblique-reverse kinematics, (2) steep faults with dextral strike-slip and conjugate strike-slip (extrusion) movements, and (3) thrusts and oblique-normal faults. The overall kinematics is consistent with mainly oblique-reverse and dextral strike-slip faulting, and subordinate local fault zone-oblique/parallel extension. Various geometries within the fault zone, as well as the variation in the direction of movement on the segments, can be explained from either (i) synchronous shortening and out-of-the-plane movement partitioning, or (ii) an effect of polyphase changes in the orientation of the overall shortening axes during the fold-thrust belt evolution. Either of these interpretations is consistent with the Isfjorden-Ymerbukta Fault Zone as an oblique-thrust ramp or transfer fault.
Transform fault
Transpression
Thrust fault
Echelon formation
Fault trace
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Abstract Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous strike‐slip faults play an important role in basin formation and igneous activities in eastern China and the adjacent areas. Because of the lack of seismic data, their distribution and effect on the formation of basins and igneous activities in the Subei‐South Yellow Sea Basin (SB‐SYSB) are still poorly understood. In this study, based on systematic analyses of the acquired seismic data, the Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous strike‐slip faults in the SB‐SYSB were identified and characterized. The strike‐slip faults can be divided into two sets, a NE‐NNE trending sinistral strike‐slip fault system and a NW trending dextral fault system. They present in seismic sections as a flower structure or Y/V‐shaped structure, respectively. In map view, they show horsetail splay faults, en echelon reverse faults, pull‐apart structure, linear structure, or curvilinear structure. These faults resulted in different types of subbasins in the SB‐SYSB, such as transpressional/transtensional subbasins and pull‐apart subbasins. The close relationship between the strike‐slip faults and the distribution of igneous rocks in the SB‐SYSB suggest that the strike‐slip faults probably acted as efficient pathways for magma intrusion during the Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous. The sinistral displacement was characterized by thrusting‐folding deformation structures, which show a tendency to decrease toward the Sulu orogenic belt, indicating that the Sulu orogenic belt has probably weakened the strike‐slip movement in the basin. We infer that the sinistral strike‐slip movement in the SB‐SYSB was most likely controlled by the subduction of the paleo‐Pacific plate and the Tan‐Lu strike‐slip faulting.
Echelon formation
Transtension
Transform fault
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Transform fault
Echelon formation
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Transform fault
Clockwise
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Echelon formation
Transtension
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Transform fault
Echelon formation
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The localization of the North Anatolian Fault in the northern Aegean Sea (North Aegean Trough) is an intriguing example of continental transform fault propagation. Understanding this process critically depends on the quantification of strike-slip displacement and the superposition of normal and strike-slip faulting in the region, which is the aim of this study. In particular, we unravel and quantify normal and dextral faulting along the Alonnisos fault system, at the south-western margin of the North Aegean Trough (Sporades Basin). We present detailed structural data collected from Messinian strata of Alonnisos to infer the amount of post-5 Ma tilting and shortening on the island, and relate them to normal and dextral faulting along the Alonnisos fault system through simple analytical half-space models of dislocations. The Messinian rocks of Alonnisos record significant (13.5°) tilting and gentle folding close to the termination zone of the main fault segment. The tilting of the Messinian rocks was related to footwall uplift during normal faulting (in the order of 6–7 km vertical displacement) along the Alonnisos fault system, which implies that the deepening of the Sporades Basin occurred post-5 Ma. The post-Messinian folding accommodated ∼1 km shortening along the footwall termination zone of the Alonnisos fault and was related to 3–4 km dextral slip, possibly during the last 100–200 kyr. This is the first clear indication of major dextral displacement along the Alonnisos fault system. Our results support interpretations of currently distributed dextral strain in the North Aegean in response to the propagation of the North Anatolian Fault. However, similarities with the evolution of the Sea of Marmara might suggest that dextral shear could yet become fully localized in the NAT.
North Anatolian Fault
Transform fault
Trough (economics)
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This paper presents a simplified evolution for the Slavonian Mts. structural fabric during the Neogene, emphasising the importance of the sinistral wrench faults. These faults were formed under the influence of dextral displacements along the faults stretching through the Drava and Sava. They caused the uplift and compression of the general area of the Slavonian Mts. These events were accompanied by folding, reverse faulting and counter-clockwise rotation of the uplifted structures, typical for the transpression model and wrench tectonic processes.
Wrench
Transpression
Echelon formation
Neogene
Clockwise
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