A double sodium layer event observed over Wuhan, China by lidar
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Abstract:
A double sodium layer (DSL) structure was observed during the night of June 13, 2000 over Wuhan, China (31°N, 114°E) by our Na lidar. The unique feature of this DSL is that a normal sodium layer at altitudes of 80 ∼ 105 km was accompanied by a secondary sodium layer at altitudes of 105 ∼ 125 km for about 2 hours. The lidar observation result together with that obtained from the nearby ionosonde and geomagnetic equipments are presented. While the exact mechanism responsible for this DSL formation is still unclear, some possible explanations and corresponding observation evidences are discussed.Keywords:
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<p>In this paper the South African Ionospheric Map (SAIM) is upgraded with the usage of recent International Reference Ionosphere (IRI)-2012 model and South African Bottomside Model (SABIM) version 5 and validated for the critical frequency (foF2) of the F2 layer by comparing the model’s output with the measured ionosonde data. The SABIM model is also validated before use in the SAIM. The ionosonde stations used in the analysis include; Grahamstown (33.2°S, 26.3°E), Hermanus (34.4°S, 19.2°E), Louisvale (28.5°S, 21.2°E) and Madimbo (22.4°S, 30.9°E). The analysis of the results showed that the updates improved the performance of SAIM by 75% over the first version. The foF2 estimates from the SABIM version 5 model also gave a better estimate to the ionosonde measurements compared to the IRI-2012 model. The SABIM model performed 27% better than the IRI-2012 model during solar maximum and 14.7% better during solar minimum.</p>
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