Topographically driven crustal flow and its implication to the development of pinned oroclines
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Abstract:
Pinned oroclines, a type of curved orogen which results from lateral pinning of a growing fold‐thrust belt, tend to resemble parabolic Newtonian curvature modified by different degrees of flattening at the flow front. We propose that such curves can be generated by Newtonian crustal flow driven by topographic variations. In our model, regional topographic differences create a regional flow which produces a parabolic flow front upon interaction with lateral bounding obstacles. Local topographic variations modify the parabolic curves and yield more flat‐crested, non‐Newtonian‐like curvatures. The degree of modification depends on the relative strength of the local driving potential, which in turn is dependent on rock type and fluid pressure. On the basis of a finite difference, thin‐skin, tectonic simulation, we demonstrate that both Newtonian‐like and non‐Newtonian‐like curved orogens can be produced within a Newtonian crust. In effect, the shape of curved orogens in plan may provide insight into the rheology of the Earth's upper crust over geological time scales.Keywords:
Flattening
Upper crust
The Seis83 programs were used in order to calculate the DSS data of Daxing Yanqing section in Yanshan Daxing Yanqing profile.The structure of crust and upper mantle was obtained in Badaling and its neighborhood.The result shows that in the region,faults well developed and there is much difference in thickness of deposition layer in the shallow crust,crust structure is heterogeneous in crosswise and undulate changes of crust interface and velocity isopleth are obvious in depths,low velocity blocks exist in the partial crust.The depth of Moho discontinuity in Daxing is about 34.5 km and that in Juyongguan is about 38.5 km.A fault of Moho exists in vicinity of Yanqing.
Upper crust
Discontinuity (linguistics)
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The block structure of the Earth crust and tectonic zones are displayed at the dynamic seismic section in the amplitudes of the scattered waves. Tectonic zones are identified with thrusts.<br>The effective density model of the crust was created at the base on the complex interpretation of seismic and gravity data.<br>Revealed tectonic elements of the Earth crust can be use for prognosis of oil perspective areas.<br>
Earth crust
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Upper crust
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We employ nonlinear optimization to obtain shallow velocity structure from COCORP seismic reflection profiles in the highly extended Death Valley region, California. We also use group‐velocity analysis of regional earthquake surface waves that have traversed in and near the extended domain. When compared with regional models for surrounding provinces, our results show no evidence for significant uplift of the middle crust or removal of the upper crust. We do not find fundamental upper‐crustal variations between regions proposed to have widely varying extensional histories. These observations constrain previously proposed extensional mechanisms toward less than extreme amounts of extension.
Upper crust
Reflection
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A set of crustal data collected in the last decades across the Moesian platform are processed in order to derive a crustal model. New crustal model comprises maps with depths to the top of lower crust and Moho and thicknesses of the crystalline upper and lower crust. Some ranges of mean P-wave velocity in the upper and lower crust are assigned for the eastern and western sectors of platform.
Upper crust
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Upper crust
Receiver function
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