Surface movements in Bologna (Po Plain — Italy) detected by multitemporal DInSAR
Salvatore StramondoMichele SaroliCristiano TolomeiMarco MoroFawzi DoumazA. PesciF. LoddoP. BaldiE. Boschi
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The authors have utilized a set of Seasat synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data that were obtained in nearly repeat ground-track orbits to demonstrate the performance of spaceborne interferometric SAR (INSAR) systems. An assessment of the topography measurement capability is presented. A phase measurement error model is described and compared with the data obtained at various baseline separations and signal-to-noise ratios. Finally, the implications of these results on future spaceborne INSAR design are discussed.< >
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From 1910 to 2002, the Mines Domaniales de Potasse d'Alsace (MDPA) exploited two potash layers, located at depths greater than 400 m in the southern Upper Rhine Graben. This mining activity has caused surface subsidence, investigated here using SAR interferometry (InSAR) and Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) approach is used to follow mining induced surface displacements over the Alsatian potassic basin. The SAR images acquired by three distinct satellites (ERS, ENVISAT, Sentinel-1) over the last 24 years cover both mining and post-mining periods. Until 1996/1997, InSAR results do not fit the high vertical displacement deduced from levelling campaigns due to unwrapping errors and are therefore not reliable to quantify the mining subsidence. From 1996/1997, InSAR results and levelling measurements become consistent, allowing us to study the subsidence following the activity of the mine. The surface subsidence decreases quickly after the end of mining operations, with current subsidence estimated below 5 mm/yr in 2018. The InSAR results obtained for the post-mining period show a correlation between residual subsidence amplitude and the mined thickness. Taking together the InSAR and levelling measurements for the whole 24 years period, the combined time series are approximated by a sum of two exponential terms, which reveals the role of the goaf compaction at depth. The study shows that SAR interferometry is well suited for monitoring small amplitude mining-induced subsidence over the residual phase, helping to better mitigate the related risk in these regions.
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Significant land subsidence was recently recognized in northeast Iran, near the city of Mashhad. Precise levelling surveys performed in 1995, 2002 and 2005, indicate as much as 90 cm of subsidence during the 1995–2005 period. Continuous GPS monitoring approximately 8 km northwest of Mashhad City shows more than 20 cm yr−1 subsidence between 2005 and 2006. We use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements to detect the temporal and spatial pattern of this surface deformation. 13 interferograms from 10 C-band SAR images acquired by the Enivsat satellite from 2003 to 2005 are analysed and stacked. Our InSAR mapping suggests that subsidence occurs within a northwest–southeast elongated elliptic-shaped bowl along the axis of the Mashhad valley, with a peak amplitude of ∼28–30 cm yr−1 for the 2003–2005 time period. The InSAR data indicate that approximately 70 km2 in the valley floor, including the northwestern part of Mashhad City, subsided at a rate exceeding 15 cm yr−1 between 2003 and 2005, and that the subsidence area is structurally controlled by the trends of Quaternary faults cutting the valley floor. Analysis of piezometric records suggests that subsidence likely results from extensive overdrafting of the aquifer system in the valley that has caused as much as 65 m of water table decline since 1960s.
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