Composition and origin of the Middle Weichselian interstadial deposit in Veskoniemi, northern Finland
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The stratigraphy and sedimentology of a diamicton-stratified sand deposit have been studied in the Veskoniemi area, near Lake Inarijärvi in central Finnish Lapland.Test pit excavations were used for stratigraphical investigations.Till-covered laminar and crossbedded sands were dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL).Ages range between 21.0 ± 1.5 and 22.4 ± 1.6 ka for laminated sands at upper levels and 39 ± 3 and 46 ± 3 ka for sands at deeper levels.These dating results strengthen the evidence for a Middle Weichselian interstadial in northern Finland during oxygen isotope stage 3, and can be compared with other results in eastern and southern Lapland.This is the first time that sediments from the Middle and Late Weichselian contact have been identified in Finland.These new dating results indicate that an ice-free period could have lasted from halfway through the Middle Weichselian to the beginning of the Late Weichselian about 22-25 ka ago in northern Finland.Keywords:
Stadial
Abstract Previous glacial intervals were punctuated by abrupt climate transitions between cold (stadial) and warm (interstadial) conditions. Many mechanisms leading to stadial-interstadial variability have been hypothesized with ice volume being a commonly involved element. Here, we test to which extent insolation modulated stadial-interstadial oscillations occurred during the penultimate glacial. We present a replicated and precisely dated speleothem record covering the period between 200 and 130 ka before present from caves located in the European Alps known to be sensitive to millennial-scale variability. We show that the widely proposed relationship between sea level change and stadial-interstadial variability was additionally modulated by solar insolation during this time interval. We find that interstadials occurred preferentially near maxima of Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, even when sea level remained close to its minimum during peak glacial periods. We confirm these observations with model simulations that accurately reproduce the frequency and duration of interstadials for given sea-level and insolation forcing. Our results imply that summer insolation played an important role in modulating the occurrence of stadial-interstadial oscillations and highlight the relevance of insolation in triggering abrupt climate changes.
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Till beds and waterlain sediments from at least 3 stadials and 2 interstadials during the Weichsel glaciation are recorded on Finnmarksvidda. The oldest, possibly Weichselian, ice‐free period recorded on Finnmarksvidda is represented in one river section and is preliminary named the Vuolgamasjåkka thermomer. Its initiation is TL‐dated to about 120 ka, which indicates a pre‐Weichselian, possibly Eemian age. The interstadial which follows the subsequent and assumed oldest Weichsel stadial on Finnmarksvidda, the Eiravarri interstaeial, has previously been tentatively correlated lithostratigtrahically with the Peräpohojola interstadial ( sensu stricto ) in North Finland. The youngest interstadial, the Sargejåk internatiodial , is in this paper suggested to correlate with the Tärändö interstadial in North Sweden. The initial Weichselian ice movement across Finnmarksvidda is so far unknown, but locally N of Kautokeino in the W the initial (recorded) ice movement was directed towards NW‐N. The regional ice movements for the two subsequent stadials on Finnmarksvidda were initially directed towards NE‐ene and NNW, respectively.
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Organogenic deposits at Zbojno by Przedborz, western slopes of the Holy Cross Mts, Central Poland, represent a complete climatic cycle including an optimum phase with large amounts of Tlilia pollen both proceeded and succeeded by a cool phase. The sequence represents a warm interstadial (Zbojno Interstadial) within the anaglacial part of the Odranian (Riss I) Glaciation. The Zbojno Interstadial separated the pre-maximum Krzna Stadial from the preceding Liwiec Stadial during which two upper alluvial series had been accumulated in paleovalleys developed at the optimum of the Mazovian (Mindel II/RissI) Interglacial.
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Recent C-14 dates establish an age of 11,850+ or -100 B.P. for the Two Creeks forest instead of 11,400 years as previously reported. Thus, the climatic cooling which marked the end of the Two Creeks interstadial occurred prior to 11,850; the Valders ice passed over the Two Creeks site at least 450 years earlier than previously assumed, and a segment of the Sunbeam Prairie bog pollen diagram which had been presumed to date from the Two Creeks interstadial is clearly from the Valders stadial
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Abstract The article is a somewhat developed report of a lecture given at the Würm Symposium at Kristineberg, October 13, 1973. It gives an account of what is known about the last glacial in the central area of glaciation. Two glacials (Weichsel I and II + III) can be identified in this area. In the southern and western parts of Scandinavia three glacials (Weichsel I, II and III) can be traced. The Weichsel I ice had a southeasterly orientation controlled by the mountain range. The Weichsel II–III ice had a northerly-easterly orientation, independent of the range. The two interjacent interstadials (the Jämtland and Göta Älv Interstadials) have been dated at >40 000 and about 25–35 000 B.P., respectively, in Sweden. In the Jämtland Interstadial almost the whole of Scandinavia was deglaciated, in the Göta Älv Interstadial probably only the West Coast and the southernmost part. These interstadials are correlated with the Brörup Interstadial and mid-Weichsel complex on the Continent. Some aspects of the causes of glaciation and the refugie problem are also given.
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Enrichment dating procedure (GrN‐9394) on a sample from the interstadial site Tåsjö, Ångermanland, Sweden, which is referred to the Jämtland Interstadial, has given the age 54,700±550 B.P. In the northwest European chronology this corresponds to late Odderade.
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The presence of Early Weichselian interstadial organic deposits in northern Finland suggests that the region may have been completely free of ice during these interstadials. The vegetation represented by the deposits concerned reflects the proximity of tundra, with an average temperature for the warmest month (July) or perhaps 10-11°C, some 4-5°C cooler than at present. No comparable interstadial deposits have been found in southern Finland, but it can be assumed that the region was occupied by coniferous forests at that time. It is possible, however, that these deposits, interpreted as interstadial, may represent the later stages of the last interglacial, the Eemian, in which case it is not certain whether evidence of any interstadials is to be found
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Abstract The Weichsel-glaciation is represented by a very complicated stratigraphy in the Dösebacka and Ellesbo drumlins, situated on the western slope of the Göta River Valley. It can be subdivided into six cold-warm stages, which are represented by on one hand till beds and glaciofluvial beds, on the other hand interstadial clay and sand layers and first of all deflation surfaces. The older interstadial is called the Older Dösebacka-Ellesbo-interstadial and it is correlated with the Brorup interstadial in Denmark. A mammoth tusk from Dösebacka has been C14-dated at 36 000 B.P. which however is a minimum age since shellac used for preservation purposes may not have been extracted completely. The younger interstadial is called the Younger Dösebacka-Ellesbo-interstadial and it is correlated with the Hengelo-Denekamp-interstadials in Holland. Organic matter from sand layers at Ellesbo, and clay lamina at Dösebacka, have been C14-dated at 30 300 and 24 020 B.P., respectively. The inland ice during the Weichsel glaciation reached its maximum during the last stadial. Then the land was deeply depressed by at least a hundred metres. During all the Weichsel-stadials the ice moved from the NE. towards the SW.
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In southern Central Poland the glacial sediments allow to divide the Middle-Polish (Riss) Glaciation into two glaciations: Odranian (= Dnieper) and Wartanian (= Moscow), separated by the Lublinian (= Odintsovo) Interglacial. Within the Odranian Glaciation two pre-maximum stadials were distinguished: Liwiec and Krzna stadials and the maximum Kamienna (= Radomka) Stadial. The stadials are separated by two interstadials (Zbojno, Podlesie) with palynologic records and corresponding in German Democratic Republic to the Damnitz-Warmzeit and Treene(?)-Warmzeit .
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