<title>Simulation of spaceborne optical sensor data: I. Modeling capabilities with examples</title>
J. BishopJohn A. PersingD. J. StricklandJ. S. EvansR. J. CoxDonald E. AndersonL. J. PaxtonD. MorrisonG. J. RomickChing‐I. Meng
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Numerous instruments for UV-visible optical measurements of terrestrial backgrounds have recently flown or are scheduled for launch in the near future. In order to maximize the scientific return from such flight opportunities, simulations of data acquired by imaging and spectrographic imaging instruments spanning wide wavelength ranges are required to support experiment planning and post-launch data analysis/fusion activities. We are currently developing comprehensive capabilities for modeling these types of remote sensing data suitable for a number of mission-support applications, with specific focus on data acquired by the UVISI instruments on the Midcourse Space Experiment satellite. These capabilities are described in this presentation. The core modeling capabilities reside in a suite of well-tested first principles and empirical modeling codes for atmospheric radiances arising from a variety of physical processes (e.g., photoelectron impact excitation, Rayleigh and aerosol scattering, solar resonance and resonant fluorescence scattering, chemistry). Image generation and LOS spectral radiance evaluation techniques permitting continual change in observer location and viewing geometry without incurring large computational burdens have been set up to ingest the radiance modeling results to create high fidelity synthetic satellite data. Illustrative examples are presented.This paper summarizes the characteristics of China's civil satellite payloads and the research status of radiometric calibration,and ascertains the calibration method flow that suits China's civil satellite payloads.We perform the calibration and validation of civil satellite by using above mentioned methods.The retrieval algorithm of land surface property parameters,such as reflectance and temperature,are researched based on the civil satellite remote sensing data.At last,a application demonstration of land surface products is performed.The result shows that the method stipulated in the paper is appropriate to in-orbit calibration and validation of satellite payloads,and the calibration coefficients are accurate for quantitative application,the demonstration result based on our country remote sensing data is very well.
Radiometric Calibration
Orbit (dynamics)
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Recent advances in instrumentation have enabled the accurate measurement of radiance distribution profiles. These measurements with the electro‐optic radiance distribution camera system (RADS) can be used to explore theoretical treatments relating the radiance distribution to inherent properties such as absorption. I use a radiance distribution cast to obtain a profile of the optical absorption coefficient. Because this measurement of absorption is not direct, but rather is derived from the radiance distribution data, analysis of the possible sources of error is detailed, along with the advantages and disadvantages of the method.
Instrumentation
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The Rayleigh scattering radiance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) depends on the surface atmospheric pressure. In processing the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) imagery, Gordon et al. (Applied Optics, 27, 862–871, 1988 Gordon, H. R., Brown, J. W. and Evans, R. H. 1988. Exact Rayleigh scattering calculations for use with the Nimbus‐7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner.. Applied Optics, 27: pp. 862–871. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) developed a simple formula to account for the Rayleigh radiance changes with the variation of the surface atmospheric pressure. For the atmospheric pressure changes within ±3%, the accuracy of the Gordon et al. (1988 Gordon, H. R., Brown, J. W. and Evans, R. H. 1988. Exact Rayleigh scattering calculations for use with the Nimbus‐7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner.. Applied Optics, 27: pp. 862–871. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) formula in computing the Rayleigh radiance is usually within 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.15% and 0.05% for the wavelengths 412, 443, 555 and 865 nm, respectively. This could result in up to ∼3% uncertainty in the derived water‐leaving radiance at the blue wavelengths for very clear atmospheres. To improve the performance, a refinement to the Gordon et al. (1988 Gordon, H. R., Brown, J. W. and Evans, R. H. 1988. Exact Rayleigh scattering calculations for use with the Nimbus‐7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner.. Applied Optics, 27: pp. 862–871. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) formula is developed based on the radiative transfer simulations. The refined scheme can produce Rayleigh radiance with an uncertainty within 0.1% (often within 0.05%) at the blue, while uncertainty is within 0.05% for the green to near‐infrared wavelengths. The refined algorithm has been implemented in the Sea‐viewing Wide Field‐of‐view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data processing system. Results from the SeaWiFS data show the improved ocean colour products in the southern oceans where consistently low atmospheric pressures are usually observed. This could also significantly improve the performance of the Rayleigh radiance computations over the high altitude lakes. In addition, with the refined algorithm, the same Rayleigh radiance tables can be possibly used for the various ocean colour satellite sensors in which there are slightly different sensor spectral band characterizations.
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Radiometry
Radiometric Calibration
Instrumentation
Radiometric dating
Thermal infrared
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