Aegean tectonics: Strain localisation, slab tearing and trench retreat
Laurent JolivetClaudio FaccennaBenjamin HuetLoïc LabrousseLaëtitia Le PourhietOlivier LacombeEmmanuel LecomteEvguenii BurovYoann DenèleJean‐Pierre BrunMélody PhilipponAnne PaulG. SalaünHayrullah KarabulutClaudia PiromalloPatrick MoniéFredéric GueydanAral İ. OkayRoland OberhänsliAmaury PourteauRomain AugierLeslie GadenneOlivier Driussi
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Keywords:
Metamorphic core complex
Massif
Slab
Allochthon
The rheological properties of the lithosphere in the East African Rift System are estimated from regional heat flow and seismic constraints. Heat flow data are used to infer average, maximum, and minimum geotherms for the Eastern Rift, the Western Rift, and the surrounding shield (having surface heat flow of 106±51, 68±47, and 53±19mW m−2, respectively). Combining the geotherms with brittle and ductile deformation laws for a lithosphere of appropriate structure and composition yields rheological profiles, thickness of brittle layers, and thickness and total strength of the lithosphere. The thickness of the uppermost brittle layer varies from 10 ± 2 km in the Eastern Rift, to 186+−9km in the Western Rift, and 26+ km in the shield; seismicity is confined to the brittle layers. The rheological thickness of the lithosphere in Eastern Rift (23+8−9km), Western Rift, and shield is approximately in the the ratio 1:2.5:5, and matches the elastic flexural thickness. The total resistance to deformation is one order of magnitude larger in the shield than in the rifted regions (∼1012N m−1), where the whole lithosphere is probably in a state of failure.
East African Rift
Brittleness
Rift zone
Lithospheric flexure
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In the northern margin of Uludağ massif in northwest Anatolia, the Bursa Detachment having top-to-the north, northeast normal sense of shear separates the lower plate high-grade metamorphic rocks of Series-A (Uludağ Group) from the upper plate low-grade metamorphic rocks of Series-B (Karakaya Complex). The deeper section of Uludağ massif is represented by the Oligocene metagranites at the southern parts of the massif that is exposed due to the youngest high-angle Soğukpınar normal fault. The massif is a typical extensional metamorphic core complex similar to the counterparts in west and northwest Anatolia such as the Menderes, Kazdağ, and Çataldağ core complexes due to close timing of exhumation and a similar sense of shearing.
Massif
Metamorphic core complex
Detachment fault
Shearing (physics)
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The Golconda allochthon consists of deformed and imbricated deep-marine strata and volcanic rocks of late Paleozoic age that structurally overlie lower Paleozoic rocks of the Roberts Mountains allochthon and overlying upper Paleozoic strata. We analyzed 86 detrital zircon grains from 4 sandstone units of the Golconda allochthon in an effort to help reconstruct the paleogeographic and tectonic setting of the allochthon prior to Permian(?)-Triassic thrusting onto the continental margin. Of these, 81 grains yielded concordant to moderately discordant ages that define three main groups: 338-358 Ma (n = 7), 1770-1922 Ma (n = 38), and 2474-2729 Ma (n = 19). Comparison of these ages with detrital zircon age spectra from adjacent terranes indicates that most of the detritus in Golconda sandstones was probably shed from rocks of both the Roberts Mountains allochthon to the east and the northern Sierra terrane to the west. Some grains may also have been shed from basement rocks of the southwestern United States. These relations support previously proposed tectonic models in which strata in the Golconda allochthon were deposited between the Sierra-Klamath magmatic arc to the west and the previously emplaced Roberts Mountains allochthon to the east.
Allochthon
Geochronology
Detritus
Basement
Laurentia
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Massif
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The metamorphic core complex is a typical pattern of lithospheric extending and thinning.It is also a window through which we may reveal the thinning mechanism of a lithosphere.This paper will review the geochronology and mechanism of lithospheric thinning and the metamorphic core complexes,an important product of lithospheric processes(extending and thinning)during the Mesozoic in South China.The statistics of isotope geochronology of the metamorphic core complexes in South China indicates that the peak time of its formation and erosion is at 140-120Ma.This is well consistent with the time of lithospheric thinning,magma activity and mineralization.Some advanced studies on the topic suggest that it is of important significance to study the history,mechanism and kinematics of the lithospheric evolution for better understanding metamorphic core complexes.
Thinning
Metamorphic core complex
Geochronology
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Allochthon
Thrust fault
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Massif
Devonian
Allochthon
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Metamorphic core complex
Protolith
Allochthon
Basement
Obduction
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