Fallout and distribution of volcanic ash over Argentina following the May 2008 explosive eruption of Chaitén, Chile
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The major explosive eruption of Chaitén volcano, Chile, in May 2008 provided a rare opportunity to track the long‐range dispersal and deposition of fine volcanic ash. The eruption followed ∼10,000 years of quiescence, was the largest explosive eruption globally since Hudson, Chile, in 1991, and was the first explosive rhyolitic eruption since Novarupta, Alaska, in 1912. Field examination of distal ashfall indicates that ∼1.6 × 10 11 kg of ash (dense rock equivalent volume of ∼0.07 km 3 ) was deposited over ∼2 × 10 5 km 2 of Argentina during the first week of eruption. The minimum eruption magnitude, estimated from the mass of the tephra deposit, is 4.2. Several discrete ashfall units are identifiable from their distribution and grain size characteristics, with more energetic phases showing a bimodal size distribution and evidence of cloud aggregation processes. Ash chemistry was uniform throughout the early stages of eruption and is consistent with magma storage prior to eruption at depths of 3–6 km. Deposition of ash over a continental region allowed the tracking of eruption development and demonstrates the potential complexity of tephra dispersal from a single eruption, which in this case comprised several phases over a week‐long period of intense activity.Keywords:
Dense-rock equivalent
Phreatic eruption
Volcanic ash
Peléan eruption
Vulcanian eruption
Deposition
Lateral eruption
Dense-rock equivalent
Vulcanian eruption
Effusive eruption
Peléan eruption
Phreatic eruption
Lateral eruption
Phreatomagmatic eruption
Volcanology
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Peléan eruption
Dense-rock equivalent
Phreatic eruption
Lateral eruption
Effusive eruption
Vulcanian eruption
Magma chamber
Fragmentation
Volcanology
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Pumice
Magma chamber
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Some of detailed petrologic studies on rock samples of middle to large sized explosive pyroclastic eruptions recently revealed that the eruptions were caused by simultaneous eruption of multiple distinct magma chambers beneath the volcanoes (e.g., Nakagawa et al. 2003: Shane et al. 2007). It is very important to examine the genetic relationships among the magmas to understand the magma feeding system which caused such explosive eruptions. The explosive pyroclastic eruption stage in Shirataka volcano, NE Japan (Fig. 1) is one of potential candidates for such kind of researches. The aim of this study is to reveal the magma feeding system beneath Shirataka volcano in the explosive pyroclastic eruption stage and examine the genetic relationships among magmas involved in the explosive eruption.
Peléan eruption
Vulcanian eruption
Pyroclastic fall
Phreatic eruption
Effusive eruption
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Vulcanian eruption
Phreatic eruption
Dense-rock equivalent
Effusive eruption
Peléan eruption
Magma chamber
Phreatomagmatic eruption
Lateral eruption
Volcanology
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Caldera
Phreatic eruption
Lateral eruption
Dense-rock equivalent
Vulcanian eruption
Magma chamber
Effusive eruption
Peléan eruption
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Phreatomagmatic eruption
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By research with field investigation and observation records of volcanic eruption,combining with the achievement in volcanic research home and abroad,the authors discuss the volcanic eruption features of Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan in Wudalianchi of Heilongjiang,China in volcanic genetic type,eruption mode,eruption symptom and other aspects,and point out that the Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan volcanoes are monogenetic in genetic type,the eruption mode is not a simple way of central eruption,but experienced fission eruption turn to central eruption.Through the analysis of volcanic eruption observational record and the comparison with foreign volcanoes,it is revealed that this volcanic eruption possesses precursor which features benefit the monitor and forecast future volcanic eruption.
Peléan eruption
Dense-rock equivalent
Vulcanian eruption
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