Constraints on the degree of dynamic partial melting and source composition using concentration ratios in magmas
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Trace element
Incompatible element
Metasomatism
Xenolith
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The Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists Petrologists and Economic Geologists (1961)
Phenocrystic olivine in picritic basalt from Mishima island and olivine in olivine nodule in trachybasalt from Tsukue island are chemically analysed and are expressed in following chemical formulas: (Mg1.63 Fe''0.30 Fe0.06)1.99 (Si0.98 Ti0.01)0.99 O4.00 (Mg1.80 Fe''0.14 Fe0.05)1.99 Si0.98 O4.00 The former is distinctly richer in Fe than the latter. Such difference is attributed to their origin as already discussed by Ross and others.
Nodule (geology)
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Abstract Over most of the area, the McLean Basalt, southwest of Cooktown, and the Piebald Basalt, north of Cooktown, were erupted on to a land surface generally similar to that of the present day. The basalts form horizontal flows, and a number of vents have been identified. In the main, the lavas consist of olivine basalt; these are shown by chemical analysis to be alkaline, transitional to olivine tholeiite. In the McLean Basalt, several flows consisting of olivine analcimite have been discovered. An olivine nephelinite flow is associated with the Piebald Basalt. Chemical analyses of olivine analcimites and the olivine nephelinite are presented and discussed.
Extrusive
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Trace element
Fractional crystallization (geology)
Leucogranite
Incompatible element
Rare-earth element
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Pigeonite
Pyroxene
Phenocryst
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Abstract The major element and compatible trace element compositions of the northwest Kyushu basalts (NWKBs) collected from Saga‐Futagoyama were analyzed to examine the petrogenesis of these basalts. Although nepheline‐normative alkaline basalts are not found in the basalts from Saga‐Futagoyama, the Saga‐Futagoyama basalts almost cover the major element variations of NWKBs. The basalts can be chemically divided into two groups: an Fe‐poor group (IPG) and an Fe‐rich group (IRG). The compositional variation of IPG basalts is essentially controlled by the partial melting of the source as suggested by the following: (i) bulk rock MgO, FeO and NiO compositions indicate that some IPG samples were equilibrated with mantle olivine; and (ii) correlations between Al 2 O 3 , CaO and MgO are consistent with those of experimental partial melts of peridotites. The inconsistent behaviors of the elements compatible with clinopyroxene (Cpx), such as V (Sc and Cu), preclude the significant role of the fractional crystallization of Cpx and spinel in IPG variation. IPG basalts have low Al and high Fe concentrations compared to the products of melting experiments involving peridotites and pyroxenites, suggesting that the IPG source would have a lithology and bulk rock composition different from those of typical peridotites and pyroxenites. IRG basalts have negative correlations between Fe 2 O 3 * and MgO, and between V and Fe 2 O 3 */MgO, indicating that IRG basalts would have fractionated Cpx. However, the anomalously Fe‐rich feature of IRG basalts compared with NWKBs collected from other areas suggests that the role of Cpx fractionation in NWKBs is minor. Relatively low melting temperatures would have principally caused the large chemical variation of NWKBs.
Petrogenesis
Fractional crystallization (geology)
Peridotite
Incompatible element
Pyroxene
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We have investigated both major and dispersed element contents of 60 samples of basalt from Leg 37. This report deals only with the dispersed elements; the relationships between trace and major element chemistry will be discussed elsewhere. Previous work on basaltic rocks from the ocean ridges (Engel et al., 1967; Tatsumoto et al., 1965; Frey and Haskin, 1964; Kay et al., 1970; Schilling, 1971) suggests that many have a unique composition and distinctive rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns. REE data have previously been used qualitatively for testing fractional crystallization and partial melting petrogenetic models for these basalts (Schilling and Winchester, 1969; Zielinsky and Frey, 1970; Philpotts et al., 1971; Zielinsky, 1975).
TRACE (psycholinguistics)
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
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Olivine, once overlooked as a host of trace elements, is becoming increasingly important for our understanding of the kinetic and equilibrium behaviour of these elements. Much of our understanding of trace element substitution and diffusion in geological materials comes as a result of experimental and petrological studies of olivine. Here, we consider trace element concentrations and incorporation mechanisms, and how these relate to diffusive behaviour. If we understand trace element behaviour in olivine, we have a powerful tool kit that can be directly applied to address many problems in petrology and volcanology. Perhaps more importantly, what we have learned from olivine can be applied to other minerals and aid us in addressing other far-reaching questions from across the Earth sciences.
Trace element
TRACE (psycholinguistics)
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