Structure and emplacement history of a multiple-center, cone-sheet–bearing ring complex: The Zarza Intrusive Complex, Baja California, Mexico
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Research Article| April 01, 1999 Structure and emplacement history of a multiple-center, cone-sheet–bearing ring complex: The Zarza Intrusive Complex, Baja California, Mexico S. E. Johnson; S. E. Johnson 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia2Departamento de Geología, CICESE, Km 107 Carratera, Ensenada-Tijuana, Baja California, México Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar S. R. Paterson; S. R. Paterson 3Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, California 90089-0740 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar M. C. Tate M. C. Tate 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information S. E. Johnson 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia2Departamento de Geología, CICESE, Km 107 Carratera, Ensenada-Tijuana, Baja California, México S. R. Paterson 3Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, California 90089-0740 M. C. Tate 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia Publisher: Geological Society of America First Online: 01 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2674 Print ISSN: 0016-7606 Geological Society of America GSA Bulletin (1999) 111 (4): 607–619. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0607:SAEHOA>2.3.CO;2 Article history First Online: 01 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation S. E. Johnson, S. R. Paterson, M. C. Tate; Structure and emplacement history of a multiple-center, cone-sheet–bearing ring complex: The Zarza Intrusive Complex, Baja California, Mexico. GSA Bulletin 1999;; 111 (4): 607–619. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0607:SAEHOA>2.3.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract The Cretaceous Zarza Intrusive Complex, located in the Peninsular Ranges of Baja California Norte, Mexico, is perhaps the best-preserved multiple-center, cone-sheet–bearing ring complex documented in North America. The 7 km2 elliptical complex hosts three nested, non-concentric intrusive centers that are successively younger to the south. The northern and central centers show the same evolutionary sequence of (1) intrusion of concentric gabbroic cone sheets, (2) intrusion of massive core gabbros, and (3) development of subvertical, ductile ring faults. Ring-fault kinematics indicate that both centers moved down relative to the surrounding country rocks, suggesting collapse into an underlying magma chamber. The southern center is composed of approximately equal proportions of gabbro and tonalite and lacks cone sheets. Aluminum-in-hornblende barometry on the tonalite indicates a maximum emplacement depth of 2.3 ± 0.6 kbar. The Zarza Intrusive Complex is surrounded by a ductile deformation aureole, and bedding is inward dipping and inward younging around the entire complex. Excellent preservation of the intrusive history allowed us to evaluate the origin of the aureole, and the three most applicable models are (1) collapse of the complex into its underlying magma chamber, (2) sinking of the complex and its chamber after solidification, and (3) formation of the aureole prior to emplacement of the complex. The preserved structural and intrusive relationships provide information on the dynamic evolution of subvolcanic magma chambers and suggest that the complex may have been overlain by a caldera. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.Keywords:
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Fluvial fans represent one of the dominant sedimentary systems at the active margins of non-marine foreland basins. The Puig-reig anticline at the north-eastern margin of the Ebro Foreland Basin (SE Pyrenees, Spain) exposes continuous outcrops of Late Eocene-Early Oligocene fluvial deposits, from proximal to medial fluvial fan environments. The proximal deposits are found in the north limb of the anticline, especially in the northwest zone. These deposits are characterised by conglomerates with minor interbedded sandstones, with thick and wide sheet-like geometries with unscoured or variably scoured basal surfaces. These are interpreted to be the deposits of unconfined flash floods and wide-shallow channel streams. The medial deposits, covering the rest of the anticline, consist of interbedded conglomerates, sandstones and claystones. These are interpreted to have been deposited from braided to meandering channel streams and overbank areas. Distal deposits are found towards the south, beyond the anticline, and are characterised by sandstone and clay deposits of terminal lobes and lacustrine deltas. This study assesses the impact of the primary depositional characteristics, diagenesis and deformation of the most heterolithic portion of the system, with implications for increasing our understanding of folded fluvial reservoirs. Diagenetic processes, mainly mechanical compaction and calcite cementation, resulted in overall low intergranular porosity, with limited relatively high porosity developed in sandstone lithofacies in the medial deposits. Deformation associated with thrusting and fold growth resulted in the formation of abundant fractures, with relatively high fracture intensities observed in sandstone lithofacies in the anticline crest. This study shows that post-depositional processes can both improve and diminish the reservoir potential of basin proximal fluvial deposits, through the development of fracture networks and by compaction-cementation. The comparison of the Puig-reig anticline with other similar settings worldwide indicates that foreland basin margin locations may be potential areas for effective reservoirs, even in the case of low intergranular porosity.
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Pennsylvanian foreland deformation associated with the Ouachita orogene reactivated a west-northwest-east-southeast Cambrian basement trend, the southern Oklahoma aulacogen, to form the Wichita uplift, southwest Oklahoma. The 30-km-wide subsurface Frontal fault zone separates the uplift from the Anadarko basin to the north. Horizontal shortening across this fault zone is estimated at 7-15 km (20-40%), vertical displacement totals 9-10 km from the uplift to the basin. Folds are mapped on an interformational scale within the Frontal fault zone, and on an intraformational scale (Cambro-Ordovician Arbuckle Group) in the Slick Hills, southwest Oklahoma. Additional shortening occurred along southwest dipping mountain flank thrusts and on bedding plane thrusts, respectively. Hanging wall blocks of major faults contain the shallow dipping limb and anticlinal hinge zone of the interformational scale folds. Oil and gas production is generally restricted to these anticlinal crests within Paleozoic rocks. Deep wells (> 6000 m) that have penetrated footwall imbricates of the mountain flank thrusts have drilled through steep-overturned beds and tight recumbent folds before passing through faults into a normal stratigraphic sequence. Basement thrust loading of the southern margin of the Anadarko basin controlled the trend (west-northwest-east-southeast) of the axis of maximum deposition within the basin during the Pennsylvanian.
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