Vertical structure of sea-breeze circulation over Thumba (8.5°N, 76.9°E, India) in the winter months and a case study during W-ICARB field experiment
T. J. AnuroseD. Bala SubrahamanyamC. B. S. DuttNishant KumarSherine Rachel JohnSandhya K. NairM. SantoshMannil MohanP. K. KunhikrishnanS. SijikumarS. S. Prijith
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Sea breeze
Circulation (fluid dynamics)
Atmospheric Circulation
The diurnal evolution of the three-dimensional structure of a mesoscale circulation system frequently occurring in the area of Kennedy Span Center-Cape Canaveral has been studied using the data from the Kennedy Space Center Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment (KABLE). The case was chosen from the spring intensive data-collection period when the greatest daytime temperature difference between land and water (sea and inland rivers) occurs and the local circulations are most intense. The daytime flow structure was determined primarily by the mesoscale pressure-gradient form created by the temperature contrast between land and water. A strong sea-breeze circulation, the dominant feature of the daytime flow field, was modified by a local inland river breeze known as the Indian River breeze, in that divergent flow over the river enhanced the sea-breeze convergence on the seaward side and generated additional convergence on the landward side of the river. The rivers near the coastline also modified the initial flow field by enhancing convergence in the surrounding areas and speeding up the movement of the sea-breeze front. The nighttime flow structure was dominated by a large-scale land breeze that was relatively uniform over the area and became quasi-stationary after midnight. The nonuniformity of the wind-vector rotation rate suggests that mesoscale forcing significantly modifies the Coriolis-induced oscillation. No clear convergence patterns associated with the rivers were observed at night. Detailed characteristics over a diurnal cycle of the sea-land breeze and of the river breeze onset time, strength, depth, propagation speed and both landward and seaward extension, are documented in this study. Some boundary-layer characteristics needed for predicting diffusion of pollutants released from coastal launch pads, including atmospheric stability, depth of the thermal internal boundary layer, and turbulent mixing are also discussed.
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The aim of the present study is the analysis and evaluation of the influence of both the complex terrain and land-use on the formation of the sea breeze in a coastal environment. The Greater Rijeka Area, a region with complex topography and several islands, offers the opportunity to examine these relationships. According to the results, the MEMO model proved capable of simulating the mesoscale wind flow reasonably well. However, further investigation into the choice of some of the input model parameters and the parametrization employed was considered valuable as a means to improve model performance. For this reason, the influence of individual islands on the sea-breeze structure was investigated, and the model results for two different land-use databases were compared with the available measurements. The results indicated that the alteration of the model topography achieved by the removal of the islands from the Rijeka gulf had a significant impact on the simulated mesoscale circulation patterns, whereas the land surface heterogeneity had only a slight influence on the airflow. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
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Abstract The results of a mesoscale wind field modelling study are presented. A three dimensional model is used to simulate thermal effects on airflow over the Canterbury Plains. The main emphasis is on examining the sea breeze effect and its interaction with the broader scale gradient airflow and the topographic effect of Banks Peninsula. The model is used to investigate both diurnal and seasonal variations in the sea breeze effect Simulations suggest that localised sea breezes develop to the north and south of Banks Peninsula under weak gradient wind conditions. These results are supported by empirical evidence. However, under stronger prevailing winds, the sea breeze effect may be to merely enhance or modify that airflow. Results suggest that rapid changes in land-sea temperature difference are likely to influence the magnitude of any sea breeze effect in this region. It is concluded that the application of such models at the mesoscale is becoming important in extending our knowledge of local airflow systems and the way they respond to the varying character of land and sea surfaces.
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The Colorado State University mesoscale model is used to investigate the influence of gradient wind direction on migratory sea breeze convergence zones (SBCZs) that develop over an irregular coastline incorporating two narrow peninsulas. Results, which are in good qualitative agreement with observations, reveal that SBCZ dynamics are strongly influenced by the extent to which flow is either subparallel or perpendicular to the orientation of the major coastlines. The local coastal configuration is also shown to be the dominant factor controlling the location of zones of intense vertical motion associated with SBCZs. A notable aspect of the study was the simulation of a late afternoon mesoscale cyclonic eddy caused by the interaction of sea breezes during south- easterly gradient flow. Further observations are recommended to verify the existence of this phenomenon. In this study, the Colorado State University mesoscale model is used to investigate the effect of gradient wind direction on the location, dynamics, and intensity of SBCZs that develop over the Auckland region. This mid-latitude coastal environmen t is characterised by two narrow peninsulas of a scale considered to be ideal for the development of strong sea breeze convergence features (Abe & Yoshida 1982). As well as having im)X)rtant implications for local forecasting, recreation (especially sailing), aviation, and air quality, this study provides an opportunity to examine sea breeze inter- actions that occur at a scale and complexity not previously investigated in the literature. Furthermore, in the absence of a dense mesoscale observation network over the region, application of a mesoscale model permits a high-resolution three-dimensional perspective on local airflow that incor- porates those data-sparse regions (i.e. the Hauraki Gulf) which are of prime impodance in forecasting.
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Land and Sea breezes are the most commonly observed meso scale local systems on coastal zones. They have been significant role on transport and diffusion of air pollutants in coastal areas. In the present study we have simulated the sea breeze circulation for the coastal city of Visakhapatnam (17.42'N,83.15').The mesoscale model WRF ARW is used for this study. Modeling period is selected for typical summer (18 may 2011). The WRF model used with 2 nested domains with 9km and 3 km horizontal resolution. The initial and boundary conditions were taken from NOAA NOMADS GFS data with horizontal resolution of 1 degree by 1 degree. The model could predict the essential features like onset, strength and decay of sea breeze. The model outputs of temperature, potential temperature, Relative humidity, Wind speed are compared with the radiosonde observations of the Viskhapatnam.The horizontal and vertical extent of Sea / Land Breezes also simulated well.
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A numerical model is presented that was used to examine the development of mesoscale airborne pollutant distributions during the evolution of sea-breeze circulations. Observational studies which have examined the effect of lake/sea-breeze flows on mesoscale pollutant distributions were conducted for a Chicago lake breeze event and for sea-breeze flows over Long Island. The observational studies showed that lake/sea-breeze circulations have a pronounced influence on the mesoscale distribution of pollutants. The general effect appears to be that of material being transported aloft in the ascending air within the lake/sea-breeze front or convergence zone and lake or seaward by the upper return flow layer. Also, descending air in the return flow layer may recirculate material back into the inflow layer over a period of several hours, in a manner suggested by the helical trajectory observed with an optically-tracked tetroon balloon. (CH)
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