Geochemistry of pyrite from diamictites of the Boolgeeda Iron Formation, Western Australia with implications for the GOE and Paleoproterozoic ice ages

Abstract The first data on the multi-isotopic S composition of sulfides of the Neoarchean banded iron formations (BIFs) of the Kostomuksha greenstone belt of Karelia (Karelian Craton of the Fennoscandian Shield) formed 2760–2740 Ma ago are presented in this paper. Pyrite associated with fine-grained magnetite has negative δ 34 S (to –7.8‰) and positive Δ 33 S (to +0.7‰) values. Pyrrhotite from stringer-disseminated ores associated with schists exhibits negative values of both δ 34 S (to –6‰) and Δ 33 S (to –0.46‰). Our data provide grounds to suggest that the BIF sulfides sourced photolitic elementary sulfur from the atmosphere, sulfate from seawater, and sulfur from magma. The S isotope ratios of sulfides reflect the interaction between abiotic (atmospheric, hydrothermal) and biotic (microbial dissimilation reduction) processes during the formation of iron deposits of the Kostomuksha greenstone belt of Karelia.

Banded iron formation

Greenstone belt

δ34S

10.1134/s1028334x23600299

Cite

Citations (2)

Reappraisal of the structure of the Western Iron Ore Group, Singhbhum craton, eastern India: Implications for the exploration of BIF-hosted iron ore deposits

Gondwana Research (2007)

Gautam Ghosh Joydip Mukhopadhyay

Syncline

Anticline

Banded iron formation

Orogeny

Yilgarn Craton

Iron ore

10.1016/j.gr.2007.04.002

Cite

Citations (46)

Neoproterozoic diamictite-cap carbonate succession and δ13C chemostratigraphy from eastern Sonora, Mexico

Chemical Geology (2006)

Frank A. Corsetti John H. Stewart James W. Hagadorn

Diamictite

Chemostratigraphy

10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.06.020

Cite

Citations (15)

C-, Sr-isotope and Hg chemostratigraphy of Neoproterozoic cap carbonates of the Sergipano Belt, Northeastern Brazil

Precambrian Research (2010)

Alcídes N. Sial Claudio Gaucher Marinho Alves da Silva Filho Valderez P. Ferreira Márcio Martins Pimentel

Diamictite

Chemostratigraphy

Dolostone

10.1016/j.precamres.2010.05.008

Cite

Citations (43)

Chemostratigraphy of the Paleoproterozoic Duitschland Formation, South Africa: implications for coupled climate change and carbon cycling

American Journal of Science (2001)

Andrey Bekker

The Paleoproterozoic Duitschland Formation lies stratigraphically beneath the Timeball Hill Formation, which contains the only unequivocal glacial unit of this era in the Transvaal Basin, South Africa. Lithologic evidence in Paleoproterozoic successions of North America, however, indicates the existence of three discrete and potentially global ice ages within this 300 my interval. Carbonates of the Duitschland Formation are significantly enriched in ^13^C up to +10.1 permil in the upper part of the succession above a notable sequence boundary. In contrast, the lower part of this unit contains carbonates with consistently negative δ^13^C values. Trace and major element compositions of these carbonates as well as carbon-isotopic compositions of coexisting organic matter support a primary origin for the markedly positive carbon isotope anomaly. The stratigraphic constraints indicate that ^13^C-enriched carbonates were deposited prior to Paleoproterozoic glaciation in southern Africa, similar to carbonates stratigraphically beneath Neoproterozoic glacial diamictites worldwide. Also mirroring the Neoproterozoic record are strongly negative δ^13^C values in cap carbonates atop glacial diamictites in Paleoproterozoic strata of Wyoming and Ontario. The litho- and chemostratigraphic constraints indicate that the interval of negative carbon isotope values in well-preserved carbonates of the lower Duitschland Formation may reflect a second Paleoproterozoic ice age in the Transvaal succession. This interpretation is further supported by recently discovered bullet-shaped clasts with striations in diamictite from the basal part of the succession. Thus, the emerging temporal pattern of carbon isotope variations and glaciation in the Paleoproterozoic has a close analogue to Neoproterozoic events, suggesting a coupling of climatic and biogeochemical changes at both ends of the eon.

Chemostratigraphy

Diamictite

Lithology

10.2475/ajs.301.3.261

Cite

Citations (207)

Cryogenian slate-carbonate sequences of the Tambien Group, Northern Ethiopia (I): Pre-“Sturtian” chemostratigraphy and regional correlations

Precambrian Research (2009)

Nathan Miller Robert J. Stern Dov Avigad Michael Beyth Bettina Schilman

Chemostratigraphy

Diamictite

Outcrop