The tectonic deformation of Quaternary deposits within the Kleszczów Graben, central Poland
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The Sub‐Balkan graben system in central Bulgaria forms the present northern boundary of the Aegean extensional region. This east‐trending graben system lies along the southern flank of the Stara Planina range and consists mainly of half‐grabens. The sedimentary fill in the grabens ranges in age from late Miocene to Recent and records the initiation and evolution of the graben system. The sedimentary fill in the grabens is oldest in the central graben and becomes progressively younger to the west and east, indicating a diachronous development of the grabens. Grabens are formed in the hangingwalls of south‐dipping low‐angle normal faults which have been displaced by younger higher angle normal faults along the foot of the Stara Planina. Hangingwall rocks have been complexly faulted and rotated such that some graben fill has been rotated down‐to‐the‐north. The Sredna Gora range south of the grabens is part of a complexly faulted and rotated hangingwall block bounded on the south by south‐dipping normal faults forming the northern boundary of the Thracian Basin. The Stara Planina range has been formed by uplift and rotation due to footwall unloading along the low‐angle normal faults and forms the northern margin of the graben system. Most of the topography of Bulgaria south of the Sub‐Balkan graben system is the result of late Miocene to Recent extensional processes linked to the Aegean region that have been superposed on convergent features and earlier extensional features that extend back to late Eocene time.
Horst and graben
Extensional tectonics
Diachronous
Half-graben
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Geological situation of the interglacial series of Przasnysz has been presented with reference to the nearby comprehensively described profiles. Basing on these profiles the stratigraphy of Pleistocene deposits has been determined according to the results of litho-petrographic, mineralogic and palaeontologie investigations as well as TL datings. The sequence has been subdivided into five major glacial units (including bipartite ones) and four interglacials. It has been proved that the interglacial deposits at Przasnysz refer to the second interglacial period (after Podlasie Interglacial which is defined as the oldest one). However the results of palaeobotanic analysis (by K.Mamakowa) revealed the pattern of vegetation parallel to Mazovian Interglacial (Holstein) succession. The latter is the fourth (last) of the presented interglacials. K.Mamakowa proposed an attempt to correlation of Przasnysz Interglacial with the IVth Interglacial of the Cromerian complex in Holland.
Eemian
Sequence (biology)
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Horst and graben
Neotectonics
Half-graben
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The marine Quaternary of the onshore areas in Denmark is restricted to deposits from the Middle and the Late Quaternary. Selected marine glacial-interglacial paleoenvironmental reconstructions from this sequence are reviewed with special emphasis on relatively recent studies. In addition, an outline of the stratigraphy of the Skagen 3 borehole is given for the first time. The Quaternary at Skagen has a total thickness of almost 200 m. A lower about 7 m thick marine Saalian-Eemian-Early Weichselian sequence (between ea. 185 and 178 m depth in the core) is succeeded by a fluvial deposit (178-132 m) and an apparently continuous extremely thick marine Late Weichselian and Holocene sequence (from 132 m depth to the top of the core).
Eemian
Sequence (biology)
Quaternary science
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Abstract Graben systems in extensional settings tend to be segmented with evidence of segment interaction. To gain a better understanding of the evolution of structures formed during graben growth and interaction, we here study the Grabens area of Canyonlands National Park, Utah, where a wide range of such structures is well exposed. With the aid of 3D numerical models, we attempt to reproduce structures observed in that region and to understand controls on the structural style of graben interaction by varying the spacing between pre‐existing structures. The sensitivity of the system to the thickness of the salt layer is also tested. Four distinct types of structures are observed when the spacing between inherited weak zones is varied: (1) grabens connecting in a relay zone divided by a narrow central horst; (2) graben segments interacting via a secondary stepover graben; (3) grabens propagating alongside each other with limited segment interaction; and (4) an abandoned graben segment in a system of multiple competing grabens. The presence of a basal salt layer (Paradox Member) promotes efficient graben propagation. A comparison between the observed structures and the numerical model results indicates that the detachment salt layer is relatively thin in the study area.
Horst and graben
Horst
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