The earthquake of 16 November, 1925 (Ms=7.0) and the reported tsunami in Zihuatanejo, Mexico
10
Citation
11
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
A feasibility study to develop a tsunami alert system for Mexican earthquakes, using broadband seismograms from the National Seismological Service, is currently under way. A first step in this direction is a revision of the Mexican tsunami catalogs. In these catalogs, one of the largest tsunamis of this century is reported in the Port of Zihuatanejo and has been re- lated to an earthquake which occurred on November 16, 1925. This earthquake was located at a distance of about 600 km from Zihuatanejo and had a surface-wave magnitude, Ms, of 7.0. In developing a tsunami alert system, it is important t o know if the tsunami was indeed related to the earthquake of 1925. In this note we examine available evidence and find thatthe tsunami was not related to the earthquake. There is no evidence of a local earthquake near Zihuatanejo which may have resulted in the tsunami. We conclude that the tsunami was either caused by slumping of the sea floor near Zihuatanejo or by a meteorological phenomenon in the region.
Keywords:
Tsunami earthquake
Slumping
Tsunami wave
Seismogram
Submarine landslide
Tsunami wave
Tsunami earthquake
Hydrostatic equilibrium
Cite
Citations (37)
Slumping
Tsunami wave
Tsunami earthquake
Cite
Citations (88)
We investigated the tsunami recorded at Monterey, California, during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (M W =6.9). The first arrival of the tsunami was about 10 min after the origin time of the earthquake. Using an elastic half space, we computed vertical ground displacements for many different fault models for the Loma Prieta earthquake, and used them as the initial condition for computation of tsunamis in Monterey Bay. The synthetic tsunami computed for the uniform dislocation model determined from seismic data can explain the arrival time, polarity, and amplitude of the beginning of the tsunami. However, the period of the synthetic tsunami is too long compared with the observed. We tested other fault models with more localized slip distribution. None of the models could explain the observed period. The residual waveform, the observed minus the synthetic waveform, begins as a downward motion at about 18 min after the origin time of the earthquake, and could be interpreted as due to a secondary source near Moss Landing. If the large scale slumping near Moss Landing suggested by an eyewitness observation occurred about 9 min after the origin time of the earthquake, it could explain the residual waveform. To account for the amplitude of the observed tsunami, the volume of sediments involved in the slumping is approximately 0.013km 3 · Thus the most likely cause of the tsunami observed at Monterey is the combination of the vertical uplift of the sea floor due to the main faulting and a large scale slumping near Moss Landing.
Slumping
Tsunami earthquake
Seismogram
Epicenter
Slow earthquake
Cite
Citations (32)
Most of breakwaters which were damaged by the 2011 Tohoku tsunami have been reconstructed to withstand the same Mw 9.0 earthquake or smaller intensity. However, as the same tsunami is unlikely to occur, future tsunami defense strategy should consider the variability of tsunami sources. This study investigates breakwater stability against uncertain tsunamis using a stochastic tsunami source model for the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. The analysis of the tsunami profiles in five Tohoku ports demonstrated that the locations and topography of these ports strongly influence the variability of the maximum tsunami wave height. The results of the stability analysis confirm that the breakwater stability in the ports depends on tsunami wave profiles affected by regional features. The key findings from this paper suggest that future tsunami defense policy should take into account uncertainty and variability in tsunami wave profiles and regional features of tsunami amplification.
Breakwater
Tsunami wave
Tsunami earthquake
Cite
Citations (1)
We use simple physical models to evaluate and compare the orders of magnitude of the energy generated into a tsunami wave by seismic dislocations and underwater slumps. We conclude that the two sources can generate tsunamis of comparable total energy. However, the slumping source is shown to be fundamentally dipolar in nature, which results in a low-frequency deficiency in the far-field. These simple conclusions corroborate the interpretation of the 1998 Papua New Guinea tsunami as being generated by an underwater slump.
Slumping
Tsunami wave
New guinea
Cite
Citations (17)
As one of the ocean sudden natural disasters, the tsunami is not easily to differentiate from the ocean variation in the open ocean due to the tsunami wave amplitude is lees than one meter with hundreds of kilometers wavelength. But the wave height will increases up to tens of meters with enormous energy when the tsunami aarives at the coast. It would not only devastate entire cities near coast, but also kill miilions of people. It is necessary to forecast and make warning before the tsunami aariving for many countries and regions around the Pacific rim. Two kinds of data were used in this study to extract the signals of 2011 Tohoku tsunami and 2014 Iquique tsunami. Wave undulations from DART (Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis) buoys and SLA from altimetry could extract the tsunami signals generated by this two earthquake. The signals of Tohoku tsunami were stronger than that of Iquique tsunami probably due to the 2011 Tohoku tsunami was generated by a magnitude 9. 0 earthquake and the 2014 Iquique tsunami was triggered by a magnitude 8. 2 earthquake.
Tsunami earthquake
Tsunami wave
Cite
Citations (3)
Abstract On 1 April 2014, an earthquake with moment magnitude M w 8.2 occurred off the coast of northern Chile, generating a tsunami that prompted evacuation along the Chilean coast. Here tsunami characteristics are analyzed through a combination of field data and numerical modeling. Despite the earthquake magnitude, the tsunami was moderate, with a relatively uniform distribution of runup, which peaked at 4.6 m. This is explained by a concentrated maximal slip at intermediate depth on the megathrust, resulting in a rapid decay of tsunami energy. The tsunami temporal evolution varied, with locations showing sustained tsunami energy, while others showed increased tsunami energy at different times after the earthquake. These are the result of the interaction of long period standing oscillations and trapped edge wave activity controlled by inner shelf slopes. Understanding these processes is relevant for the region, which still posses a significant tsunamigenic potential.
Tsunami earthquake
Tsunami wave
Moment magnitude scale
Earthquake magnitude
Cite
Citations (92)