Assessing and Managing Groundwater in Different Environments
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Introduction/setting the scene 1 Water-resource issues in the United States and the changing focus on groundwater A. Stone 2 The challenges of municipal groundwater supply from private land H. Seyler, A. Mlisa & K. Riemann 3 When are groundwater data enough for decision-making? J.J.P. Vivier & I.J. Van Der Walt 4 Development of emergency water supplies for the drought-impacted southern Cape coastal region of South Africa - observations while abstracting saline water for desalination R. Parsons 5 Guidelines for integrated catchment monitoring: ICM mind-map development and example of application N. Jovanovic, S. Israel, C. Petersen, R.D.H. Bugan, G. Tredoux, W.P. de Clercq, R. Rose, J. Conrad & M. Demlie 6 Socio-economic aspects of groundwater demand: Franschhoek case study D. Pearce, Y. Xu, E. Makaudze & L. Brendonck 7 Using numerical modelling to cope with uncertainty in the real world: Examples from various models in the Western Cape H. Seyler & E.R. Hay 8 Numerical modelling techniques for fractured aquifers and flooding of mines K.T. Witthuser & C.M. Konig 9 Assessing uncertainties in surface-water and groundwater interaction modelling - a case study from South Africa using the Pitman model J.L. Tanner & D.A. Hughes 10 Groundwater extractions in Flanders - an enforcement review (2005-2009) J. November, R. Baert & M. Blondeel 11 The impact of climate transitions on the radionuclide transport through a sedimentary aquifer J. Flugge, M. Stockmann, A. Schneider & U. Noseck 12 Identification and management of strategic groundwater bodies for emergency situations in Bratislava District, Slovak Republic J. Michalko, J. Kordik, D. Bodis, P. Malik, R. Cernak, F. Bottlik, P. Veis & Z. Grolmusova 13 A model of long-term catchment-scale nitrate transport in a UK Chalk catchment N.J.K. Howden, S.A. Mathias, M.J. Whelan, T.P. Burt & F. Worrall 14 Hydrogeological study for sustainable water-resource exploitation - Ibo Island, Mozambique E. Vilanova, E. Docampo, C. Mecerreyes & J. Molinero 15 In situ nitrate removal from groundwater using freely available carbon material at an industrially polluted site S. Israel, A. Rosenov, G. Tredoux & N. Jovanovic 16 Classification of surface-water - groundwater interaction of the Mokolo and Lephalala River systems in the Limpopo WMA T.G. Rossouw, M. Holland & N. Motebe 17 Is the Precambrian basement aquifer in Malawi up to the job? J. Davies, J.L. Farr & N.S. Robins 18 Preliminary assessment of water-supply availability with regard to potential shale-gas development in the Karoo region of South Africa P.D. Vermeulen 19 Compiling the South African Development Community Hydrogeological Map and Atlas: Opportunities for the future K. Pietersen, N. Kellgren & M. RoosCite
Accretionary wedge
Anticline
Flysch
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Fluvial fans represent one of the dominant sedimentary systems at the active margins of non-marine foreland basins. The Puig-reig anticline at the north-eastern margin of the Ebro Foreland Basin (SE Pyrenees, Spain) exposes continuous outcrops of Late Eocene-Early Oligocene fluvial deposits, from proximal to medial fluvial fan environments. The proximal deposits are found in the north limb of the anticline, especially in the northwest zone. These deposits are characterised by conglomerates with minor interbedded sandstones, with thick and wide sheet-like geometries with unscoured or variably scoured basal surfaces. These are interpreted to be the deposits of unconfined flash floods and wide-shallow channel streams. The medial deposits, covering the rest of the anticline, consist of interbedded conglomerates, sandstones and claystones. These are interpreted to have been deposited from braided to meandering channel streams and overbank areas. Distal deposits are found towards the south, beyond the anticline, and are characterised by sandstone and clay deposits of terminal lobes and lacustrine deltas. This study assesses the impact of the primary depositional characteristics, diagenesis and deformation of the most heterolithic portion of the system, with implications for increasing our understanding of folded fluvial reservoirs. Diagenetic processes, mainly mechanical compaction and calcite cementation, resulted in overall low intergranular porosity, with limited relatively high porosity developed in sandstone lithofacies in the medial deposits. Deformation associated with thrusting and fold growth resulted in the formation of abundant fractures, with relatively high fracture intensities observed in sandstone lithofacies in the anticline crest. This study shows that post-depositional processes can both improve and diminish the reservoir potential of basin proximal fluvial deposits, through the development of fracture networks and by compaction-cementation. The comparison of the Puig-reig anticline with other similar settings worldwide indicates that foreland basin margin locations may be potential areas for effective reservoirs, even in the case of low intergranular porosity.
Anticline
Arenite
Syncline
Outcrop
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Accretionary wedge
Seafloor Spreading
Forearc
Convergent boundary
Thrust fault
Echelon formation
Lineament
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Metamorphic core complex
Lineation
Massif
Detachment fault
Transpression
Mylonite
Extensional tectonics
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The continuous decline of groundwater level in Xingtai City,for the present situation the article is based on analysis of the surface water resources,groundwater resources division and water supply situation and find out the reason.Meanwhile because of the groundwater decline,it caused various problems and proposed to establish the water-saving society,to optimize allocation of water resources and prevent water pollution and development of water conservation and other measures for stopping the continuous decline of groundwater level.It provides the scientific basis for the reasonable development,protection and management of groundwater resources in Xingtai.
Groundwater resources
Groundwater Pollution
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Pennsylvanian foreland deformation associated with the Ouachita orogene reactivated a west-northwest-east-southeast Cambrian basement trend, the southern Oklahoma aulacogen, to form the Wichita uplift, southwest Oklahoma. The 30-km-wide subsurface Frontal fault zone separates the uplift from the Anadarko basin to the north. Horizontal shortening across this fault zone is estimated at 7-15 km (20-40%), vertical displacement totals 9-10 km from the uplift to the basin. Folds are mapped on an interformational scale within the Frontal fault zone, and on an intraformational scale (Cambro-Ordovician Arbuckle Group) in the Slick Hills, southwest Oklahoma. Additional shortening occurred along southwest dipping mountain flank thrusts and on bedding plane thrusts, respectively. Hanging wall blocks of major faults contain the shallow dipping limb and anticlinal hinge zone of the interformational scale folds. Oil and gas production is generally restricted to these anticlinal crests within Paleozoic rocks. Deep wells (> 6000 m) that have penetrated footwall imbricates of the mountain flank thrusts have drilled through steep-overturned beds and tight recumbent folds before passing through faults into a normal stratigraphic sequence. Basement thrust loading of the southern margin of the Anadarko basin controlled the trend (west-northwest-east-southeast) of the axis of maximum deposition within the basin during the Pennsylvanian.
Basement
Thrust fault
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Accretionary wedge
Anticline
Forearc
Mass wasting
Thrust fault
Seafloor Spreading
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Décollement
Accretionary wedge
Thrust fault
Trough (economics)
Anticline
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