A geological background for planning and development in the City of Bradford Metropolitan district
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Abstract:
In 1993 the Department of the Environment commissioned
the British Geological Survey in association with Entec UK
Ltd to undertake a three year study to develop techniques
for the synthesis and presentation of earth science information in a form which can be used readily and directly by planners and developers, and by those interested in conservation, and to provide a general introduction to the geological factors most relevant to planning and development in the City of Bradford Metropolitan District (CBMD.
The main objectives of the study were to:
collect and collate earth science information of relevance
to planners, developers, engineers and conservation
interests;
produce a set of thematic maps on applied geological
topics which will assist planning of land use,
development and conservation in the study area;
produce a summary map showing the main earth science
factors relevant to planning and development in the area;
provide two reports, one for non-specialists and the other
for those with specific technical knowledge in the fields
of geology, hydrogeology, engineering geology and
mineral resources.Keywords:
Thematic map
Presentation (obstetrics)
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Geological survey
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The urban population is projected to rise to 66% in 2050 to 7.6 billion.This has had, and will have, a profound effect on the geological and geomorphological character of the Earth's shallow geosphere.It is important to know the character and geometries of the geological deposits so that infrastructure is planned sensibly and sustainably, and urban areas can be reused responsibly to ensure that they help facilitate economic and social development.This brings major challenges for our cities, where there is increased pressure on resources, space and services.The geosciences have an important part to play in securing sustainable global cities -they can support urban innovation and city performance, reduce our environmental footprint and ensure greater resilience to natural hazards such as flooding and ground instability.For more than 30 years the British Geological Survey has advanced the geoscientific understanding and 3D characterisation of urban environments, producing multi-themed spatial datasets for geohazards and ground investigation used across the environmental, planning and insurance sectors.The BGS have collaborated with the University of Cambridge to better integrate geological data with landuse and infrastructure to look at the long-term impact on these types of activities at surface and subsurface.A 3D GeoLanduse layer was produced from the geological framework model of London.This vector-based grid means that many soil and rock properties (e.g.foundation conditions, groundwater levels, volume change potential), can be represented alongside landuse statistics and infrastructure type and correlated in the XYZ domain.Focus has been at geothermal potential of the ground surrounding residential basements and the broader correlation between geology, energy consumption and landuse at city scale using principle component analysis and cluster recognition.
Environmental geology
Geological survey
Resilience
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This paper starts with the importance of engineering-geological data to urban and rural planning,then it examines the situation of engineering-geological data storage and the limits in the application in urban and rural planning.It proposes the idea of developing geological engineering database based on GIS technology and explores its other application in planning in accordance with the requirements.
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GIS is used widely for its power in spatial data management and representation, but has been insufficiently employed in geological project management. With the construction of the projects management system in Strategic Mineral Prospect Survey as an example, the authors have analyzed the characteristics of the geological projects management, and proposed a technology which uses the ESRI Mapbjects 2.2 a geographic information system component to construct the system for managing the attribute and spatial data. In addition, a geological projects management system is developed and used in several projects management departments.
Realization (probability)
Geological survey
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In general, the importance of geological information is emphasized not only for national SOC construction, underground space development and energy resources development but also in areas related to environmental disasters such as mine damage, ground subsidence and landslides. Although geological information is highly useful in developing industrial raw materials, national land management and people's welfare, there is no unified governmental institution in charge of collecting and managing geological information in the national level. For this, this paper study: first, to analyze geological demand for common experts; second, to analyze geological demand for public institution; and third, to set priority for geological informatization. In the result of surveying demand for geological information, we need to improve laws and systems for collecting and reporting geology-related materials, making thematic maps, and maintaining and managing geological information we need to establish national strategies and build an integrated system for interoperability of databases and systems. Accordingly, we will guideline on future direction of strategies for the national integration of geological information management system.
Geological survey
Informatization
Thematic map
Ground subsidence
Geologic hazards
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Shanghai is the first area in China to develop information services that promote geological data clustering and the commercial use of geological data services,and to develop a 3D urban geological model.Now,relying on the national geological data clustering system,the geological data information service framework of five supporting platforms has taken shape.At the same time,combined with the existing information infrastructure and local characteristics,Shanghai is attempting to establish a new urban geological work model to highlight information services based on innovating systems,means,and services.
Geological survey
Geologic map
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지질정보는 광산개발, 토지이용, 환경보존, 건설산업 및 수자원 개발 등에 대하여 다용도로 사용하고 있다. 지질정보가 산업 원자재, 국가국토관리 및 국민 복지 증진에 상당히 기여하고 있지만, 국가적 차원에서 지질정보를 수집 및 관리할 수 있는 통합된 공공기관이 없는 실정이다. 따라서, 정부는 장기적이고 체계적인 방법으로 지질정보를 수집하여 데이터베이스로 구축하고 지질정보를 유통시키고 활용해야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 국가의 모든 지질정보를 관리 및 운용할 수 있는 장기적인 종합관리체계 전략 마련에 있다. 이를 위하여 먼저, 국내외 지질정보 현황 및 관리 실태를 분석하고 둘째, 지질정보 수요조사에 대한 분석을 수행하고 셋째, 국가 지질정보 종합관리체계 개념도를 작성하며 마지막으로, 국가지질정보 종합관리체계 전략을 작성하였다. Geological information can be used for various purposes, such as the mine development, landuse, environmental protection, construction industry, and the development of water resource. Although geological information is highly useful for developing industrial raw materials, national land management and people's welfare, there is no unified public institution in charge of collecting and managing geological information at the national level. Thus, the government is to collect geological information, to construct database and to utilize and to distribute the information in a long-term and systematic way, the purpose of this study is to propose strategies for establishing an integrated geological information management system. In this study, we A) analyzed the current state and management of geological information in Korea and other countries; B) surveyed demand for geological information and analyzed correlations; C) drew up a conceptual diagram of the national integrated geological information management system; and D) developed strategies for establishing the national integrated geological information management system.
Geological survey
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The applied geological mapping study of the Wigan Metropolitan Borough was completed in October 1995 by the British Geological Survey (BGS) in association with the planning consultants Roger Tym & Partners. The aim of the project was to provide a geoscience basis for planning and development decisions. The users of the study were seen primarily as planners and developers but also engineers, conservationists and others. The important common factor was that the users need not have geological training. The study represented the state-of-the-art in the UK in terms of the transfer of geological information to nongeologists. Geoscience data were compiled as a series of nine thematic maps and a technical report in which the geology of the area, and its modification by human activities, were described. The engineering geology map is significant in that it uses the stripe method of showing subsurface information, a method rarely used in the UK since its first use by Dearman in the North East of England. The key geological factors relevant to planning and development were identified by the project team during discussions with local planners and developers. They were summarized on a map and described in a report that indicated how and where geology might significantly affect development. The successful outcome of this study required a multidisciplinary team approach and good communication between team members.
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In the urban environment, site investigation studies provide
a wealth of information about the ground conditions of the
shallow subsurface. However, from the developers’
perspective, there is generally little incentive to integrate
this information beyond the boundaries of the development
site. By taking a more holistic view and combining
knowledge of the near-surface geology with information on
former land use and the groundwater regime across a wider
area, it is possible to predict geological scenarios that may
better inform ground investigation and reclamation
strategies.
As part of its urban research programme, the British
Geological Survey has integrated its data holdings across
75 km2 of central Manchester and Salford. The information
has been used to develop an integrated 3D model of the
shallow subsurface. By exporting the elements of the model
to a Geographical Information System (GIS), there is the
capability to produce on demand bespoke maps, crosssections
and other visualisation aids, relevant to regional
planning and site appraisal. The value of such a system is
illustrated by reference to five topic areas (geology,
geotechnical engineering, hydrogeology, geochemistry and
land use). A series of thematic maps illustrates the range of
outputs.
The approach provides a means of identifying potential
problems and opportunities at an early stage in any proposed
development and, if implemented over a wider area, it could
assist in designing site investigation strategies and reduce
costs by ensuring a more focused approach to development
planning.
Thematic map
Bespoke
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THE PAPER ILLUSTRATES THE USE OF INFORMATION ON TERRAIN AND MATERIALS IN THE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW OR EXISTING AREAS, AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ENGINEERING GEOLOGIST IN SUCH A PROJECT. THE NEED FOR CLOSE COOPERATION BETWEEN THE VARIOUS MEMBERS OF THE PLANNING TEAM AND A THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING OF EACH OTHER'S REQUIREMENTS IS EMPHASIZED AND SOME METHODS OF PRESENTATION ARE PROPOSED TO ASSIST THE ASSIMILATION OF INFORMATION BY THE RESPECTIVE USERS. ATTENTION IS DRAWN TO THE FINANCIAL SAVINGS WHICH MIGHT BE REALIZED BY NOT ONLY UTILIZING THE INFORMATION DURING THE PLANNING STAGES BUT ALSO BY MAKING THE INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO THE CONTRACTOR AT THE TENDERING STAGE. /RRL/
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