Foraminifera from the chalk of the Gipping Valley, Ipswich
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The faunas recorded from the Chalk of the Ipswich sheet are predominantly of BGS19 foraminifera zone (pilula to very basal quadrata macrofaunal Zone). A few samples contained longer ranging taxa which prevented accurate age determinations, although all fell within the socialis to basal quadrata zones. The occurrence of Pullenia cf. quaternaria appears to be outside its stratigraphical limits compared to southern England, but careful examination of this foraminifer indicates that it is a new species and that interpretation of some other records in eastern England may deserve reconsideration.Keywords:
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Four outcrops of Late Cretaceous rocks are known in the East London region of the Eastern Cape Province, discovered at different times during the 20th century. These are at the Needs Camp upper and lower quarries, inland of East London; and at Igoda River mouth and a nearby road cutting close to the estuary, located to the south of East London, designated the Igoda Formation. All four sites contain similar foraminiferal assemblages, and the successions are interpreted as roughly coeval. The published record from the two Igoda Formation outcrops up to now consists of just one foraminifera species (Spiroplectinella sp.), and about 20 Cretaceous species have been reported from the Needs Camp quarries. However, examination of additional samples, as well as repeated reprocessing of previously-studied limestone samples from the four outcrops has led to the discovery of 87 species of foraminifera. Only five of these are planktic species, mainly very rare Heterohelix globulosa (Ehrenberg), Hedbergella spp., Hedbergella cf. H. simplex (Morrow), Globigerinelloides asper (Ehrenberg) and Rugoglobigerina rugosa (Plummer), the last-named indicating a Campanian-Maastrichtian age. These planktics indicate that surface waters were slightly better oxygenated, but the complete absence of keeled planktics yet diverse benthics suggests the majority of the lower water column, but not the sea-floor, was experiencing dysoxic conditions. Because of the different circumstances in the discovery of each of these outcrops, their contained foraminiferal assemblages and their interpreted foraminiferal ages and depositional environments have never before been effectively compared and contrasted. The Igoda / Needs Camp foraminiferal assemblages detailed here are compared with a greatly revised biostratigraphy for the southern African Campanian succession. The distinctive Igoda benthic assemblages, composed in the main of Gavelinella and Lenticulina species, are marked by small numbers of the age-diagnostic early Campanian (Campanian I and lowest Campanian II) benthic species, Valvulineria sp., and the Early Campanian (Campanian I) benthic species, thin Dorothia sp. The four outcrops are considered to expose parts of a somewhat siliciclastic-poor, carbonate-rich deposit. This accumulated in an inner (Needs Camp limestones) to middle (Needs Camp limey claystones) to outer neritic (Igoda limey claystones) setting on a relatively well-oxygenated sea-floor experiencing periodic inflows of inner neritic siliciclastics and shell hash. The majority of foraminifera tests preserved in these rocks have been the focus of post-depositional ferric iron precipitation, probably derived from oxidation and deterioration of pyrite, so that they are now a strong orange-red colour.
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The Lincolnshire Limestone Formation, which crops out in eastern England from the Humber south for over 100 kilometres, is well exposed in the study area in the quarries of Cowthick, Clipsham, Copper Hill and Brauncewell. Nine members recognised by previous authors in this formation can be distinguished on gross lithology within this southern region, the lateral and vertical changes in carbonate lithology being indicative of a complex of marginal marine shallow-water environments. A macrofauna dominated by gastropods (but associated with bivalves, bryozoa, rare brachiopods and fragmentary echinoderms) has been recorded from several horizons within the complex stratigraphy sampled at Cowthick, three horizons at Clipsham, three of eight samples at Copper Hill, but is not known from Brauncewell. A low diversity microfauna of ostracods and benthic foraminifera is known from more of the sampled horizons at Clipsham and Copper Hill and up to four horizons at Brauncewell. This fauna has not been recorded at Cowthick. The ostracod Praeschuleridea subtrigona occurs with other species characteristic of the Pneumatocythere carinata (ostracod) Subzone, consistent with parts of the (ammonite) Laeviuscula Zone age ascribed to at least part of the strata by earlier authors. The size distributions and morphological forms displayed by the ostracod and foraminifera faunas suggest periods of vegetative cover on the sea floor, periods of sediment anoxia and the reworking of material from adjacent sedimentological environments at Clipsham, Copper Hill and Brauncewell. Sedimentological breaks between members and individual beds have allowed previous authors to correlate over distances in the study area, this technique has allowed a temporal link to be suggested between the erosion of Aalenian deposits and the deposition of material and both Cowthick and Copper Hill
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Micropaleontologic studies on newly discovered, isolated occurrences of carbonate strata at Risan Aneiza, Northern Sinai, identified six corallinacean taxa,five larger foraminifera taxa and two smaller foraminifera, among the larger foraminifera, one genus, Risananeiza (type species: Risananeiza pustulosa) and one species: Nephrolepidina sinaica n.sp. are believed to be new. The larger foraminifera are classified, described and illustrated. Among them Miogypsinoides complanatus is an index taxon according to Cahuzac and Poignant (1997), for shallowwater Oligocene deposits of western European basins. This species indicates SB 23 (SB=shallowwater benthic) - a late Oligocene, Chattian age (24.5Ma, Gradstein et al. 2004). The exposures are the first documented shallowmarine strata of Upper Oligocene (Chattian) age for the region. Their location between coeval continental strata to the south and fine-grained siliciclastics found in offshorewells is clear evidence of the position of the contemporaneous shoreline, and adds an important segment to the paleogeography of the final stage of Tethys evolution.
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The results of investigating two temporary Chalk sections at Drayton and Whitlingham (near Norwich) are reported. Results from Drayton confirmed the expected stratigraphic position and improved knowledge of the fauna in these beds. Integrating the Whitlingham exposure into the local Chalk stratigraphy required a reassessment of data obtained from other temporary sections in the vicinity, several of which were in glacial erratics. It is now concluded that the Whitlingham section exposed the youngest beds of the Paramoudra-1 division of the mucronata zone. No extant section exposes the whole of these beds. Fossils recovered from this site substantially improve previous knowledge of the fauna in these beds. Both sites produced samples that yielded new invertebrate species (not described formally here) together with further specimens of some rare taxa known previously only from their holotypes.
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A foraminiferal fauna of fifty species was extracted from the Brora Argillaceous and Brora Arenaceous series of northern Scotland. Nodosariids, especially Lenticulina muensteri (Roemer), strongly predominate at most horizons, but three samples yielded faunas in which little but arenaceous foraminifera occur. The Brora assemblage is similar to faunas known from the English Oxford Clay and Corallian beds, and in North America it is most closely comparable to the fauna of the Lower Vanguard Formation of the western interior region.
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Research Article| April 01, 2011 LATE JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA, WALLABY PLATEAU, OFFSHORE WESTERN AUSTRALIA Patrick G. Quilty Patrick G. Quilty School of Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. E-mail: P.Quilty@utas.edu.au Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Patrick G. Quilty School of Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. E-mail: P.Quilty@utas.edu.au Publisher: Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Received: 09 Mar 2010 Accepted: 22 Oct 2010 First Online: 03 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-264X Print ISSN: 0096-1191 © 2011 Journal of Foraminiferal Research Journal of Foraminiferal Research (2011) 41 (2): 182–195. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.41.2.182 Article history Received: 09 Mar 2010 Accepted: 22 Oct 2010 First Online: 03 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Patrick G. Quilty; LATE JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA, WALLABY PLATEAU, OFFSHORE WESTERN AUSTRALIA. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 2011;; 41 (2): 182–195. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.41.2.182 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyJournal of Foraminiferal Research Search Advanced Search Abstract Foraminifera are recorded from one sample dredged by RV Sonne from 4438–4049 m water depths on the southwestern margin of Wallaby Plateau, eastern Indian Ocean (25.5°S, 108.5°E). An Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian age is estimated based on the foraminiferal fauna, but it conflicts with Early Cretaceous zircon dates that suggest some recycling or mixing during dredging. The Jurassic age is significantly older than any previously known age in the region and predates age estimates for the initiation of seafloor spreading along the Western Australian margin as India departed from Australia/Antarctica during the break-up of Gondwana. The fauna is of low diversity possibly due in part to dissolution at depth and thus probably does not accurately reflect the original diversity. It is dominated by Conicospirillina wallabyensis n. sp. (Spirillinacea), Conorboides falveyi n. sp. and Lenticulina muensteri (Roemer, 1839). Diversity is greatest among nodosariacean species; agglutinated forms are very rare and planktonic and miliolid species are absent. The foraminifera are accompanied by diverse fragmentary invertebrates. The sediment accumulated in shallow, fully marine, (warm-?) temperate conditions and the locality has subsided some 4000 m since deposition. Descriptions of taxa similar in form to Conicospirillina should be studied under crossed polars to determine whether or not the skeleton has grown in crystallographic continuity. Marginulina suprajurassica Gordon is shown to be pre-occupied. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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Abstract Onshore Maastrichtian strata in the United Kingdom are limited to a few small, isolated blocks of chalk floating within glacial sediments on the Norfolk coast. Isolated outcrops of Campanian and Maastrichtian chalks used to be available around Norwich but the majority of these exposures are now badly degraded. Offshore, in the North Sea Basin, there are complete chalk successions that range throughout the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Cenozoic. There is a limited succession of Maastrichtian chalks exposed on the north coast of Northern Ireland below the Cenozoic flood basalts. In the Western Approaches Basin, Maastrichtian and Danian chalks are known from exploration wells and core samples. West of the United Kingdom a number of DSDP/ODP boreholes have penetrated the Upper Cretaceous succession. Beginning in the Cenomanian, in southeast England, the whole of the Upper Cretaceous is within the chalk facies, possibly one of the longest intervals of relatively stable environment in the geological record. The Foraminiferida of the chalk have been studied for more than a hundred years and therefore the fauna is exceptionally well known and fully documented. Fifty years ago, the benthonic Foraminiferida were identified as having the potential to provide a viable zonation of the chalk facies and we now have precise, cross-basinal correlation using these taxa. The planktonic fauna is restricted by both palaeolatitude and water depth. The latter appears to be the most influential as the faunas from onshore are more limited than those recorded from the deeper waters of the North Sea Basin and the Atlantic Margin. Even with this restricted fauna, however, it is still possible to develop a general correlation with the standard Tethyan zonation based on planktonic taxa.
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Quantitative analyses were made of the foraminiferal assemblages in 137
samples from five Portuguese sections (Murtinheira, Brenha, Tojeira 1, Tojeira
2 and Mareta Beach) of Middle and Late Jurassic age. Trends in depositional environment
(for example from deep to shallow water sediments) together with
R- and Q-mode analyses determined three different groups of foraminifera,
each group having its own bathymetric preference.
Spirillina tenuissima, Spirillina elongata, Spirillina infima, Ophthalmidium
carinatum and Paalzowellalei/eli preferred relatively shallow water, up to about
50 metres. Epistomina mosquensis, Pseudolamarckina rjasanensis, Ophthalmidium
strumosum and the agglutinated foraminifera preferred relatively deep
water, from about 200 to 250 metres or possibly more. Lenticulina muensteri,
Lenticulina spp., Discorbis spp., Eoguttulina spp. and Nodosaria/Dentalina spp.
filled the depth niche in between, from about 50 to over 150 metres. Eoguttulina
spp. and Nodosaria/Dentalina spp. probably preferred depths closer to
150 than to 50 metres.
Coeval foraminiferal assemblages from 18 wells on the Grand Banks off Newfoundland
proved to be closely similar to those of Portugal, allowing for a more
precise estimate of the paleowaterdepths of Middle and Upper Jurassic
sediments of the Grand Banks. Middle Jurassic representatives of the genera
Garantella, Reinholdella and Epistomina occur in three wells on the Grand
Banks, but are not known from the coeval parts of any other wells and any of
the Portuguese sections. This is explained as being the result of local differences
in depositional environment; the epistominids preferring relatively deep water.
Two new biostratigraphic zones are defined: (1) Reinholdella spp. Zone of
(Late) Bathonian age, and (2) Epistomina regularis Zone of Callovian age. A
range chart shows the stratigraphic distribution of taxa known from the Grand
Banks and Portugal.
The burial history of five wells, using the specially developed Fortran 77 programs
BURSUB and DEPOR, illustrates that up to 50% of the (de)compacted
burial is due to tectonic subsidence. Decompacted sedimentation rates, especially
during the Late Jurassic, are higher than the decompacted burial rates,
resulting in a shallowing. This Late Jurassic shallowing can be recognized in all
18 wells.
Of the 14 Jurassic planktonic species described to date only three can be
recognized in the Portuguese and Grand Banks strata, using type material from
Poland, France and Switzerland. These three taxa have been re-defined such
that they encompass the variation previously assigned to the 14 taxa listed in the literature. The three taxa are: (1) Globuligerina bathoniana, ranging from
?Late Bajocian through Early Valanginian (2) Globuligerina oxfordiana, ranging
from Middle-Late Bajocian through Early Valanginian, and (3) Globuligerina
balakhmatovae, ranging from Late Bajocian through Late Bathonian, possibly
through Early Kimmeridgian. The occurrences of these three species, which are
among the oldest planktonic foraminifera known, may be ecologically controlled.
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Foraminiferal assemblages recorded from limestones of the Upper Permian Wegener Halvø Formation in the Wegener Halvø, Karstryggen and Clavering Ø areas of East Greenland mostly consist of the nodosariid genera Dentalina, Frondina, Geinitzina and Ichtyolaria, and the miliolid genera Agathammina and Calcitornella. More limited assemblages dominated by Agathammina were recorded from the underlying Karstryggen Formation. The foraminifera are all benthonic, mostly shallow-water forms. The fauna is of Zechstein aspect and suggests a broad correlation with Zechstein 1 and younger strata in the Zechstein basin of North-West Europe. Solid specimens of agglutinated foraminifera, mostly referable to Ammobaculites and Ammodiscus, were recorded from the youngest Permian strata, the Schuchert Dai Formation, in the Schuchert Dai.
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