Permian Basins in the Bohemian Massif
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Massif
Orogeny
Palaeogeography
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Red beds
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Quantitative lithofacies palaeogeography is an important discipline of palaeogeography.It is developed on the foundation of traditional lithofacies palaeogeography and palaeogeography,the core of which is the quantitative lithofacies palaeogeographic map.Quantity means that in the palaeogeographic map,the division and identification of each palaeogeographic unit are supported by quantitative data and quantitative fundamental maps.Our lithofacies palaeogeographic maps are quantitative or mainly quantitative.A great number of quantitative lithofacies palaeogeographic maps have been published,and articles and monographs of quantitative lithofacies palaeogeography have been published successively,thus the quantitative lithofacies palaeogeography was formed and established.It is an important development in lithofacies palaeogeography.In composing quantitative lithofacies palaeogeographic maps,the key measure is the single factor analysis and multifactor comprehensive mapping method—methodology of quantitative lithofacies palaeogeography.In this paper,the authors utilize two case studies,one from the Early Ordovician of South China and the other from the Early Ordovician of Ordos,North China,to explain how to use this methodology to compose the quantitative lithofacies palaeogeographic maps,and to discuss the palaeogeographic units in these maps.Finally,three characteristics,i.e.,quantification,multiple orders and multiple types,of quantitative lithofacies palaeogeographic maps are conclusively discussed.
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Section Z of Meishan in Changxing of Zhejiang, known as the stratotype section of the Permain-Triassic boundary in South China, is also one of the candidate stratotype sections of the same boundary in the world. Here the strata crossing the Permian-Triassic boundary are well exposed. The Upper P...
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Early Triassic
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Palaeogeography study physical geographical characteristics and evolution of geological and human history,and has close connections with the natural environment.In the first ten years of the 21st century,many sub-disciplines of palaeogeography,such as stratigraphy or geologic history palaeogeography,tectonics palaeogeography,paleontology palaeogeography,sedimentary or petrology palaeogeography,physical geography palaeogeography,and human historical palaeogeography,have been well developed.The trend in development of the palaeogeography is infiltration and matching among the subdisciplines,so that it can better serve the human being and the nature.
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Synopsis The Upper Old Red Sandstone of the southern Scottish Borders is a wholly fluviatile succession. The basal unconformity with the Silurian shows evidence of exhumed, ?pre-Upper O.R.S. topography. Facies association 1 comprises fining-up cycles of sandstone and siltstone deposited by high sinuosity stream systems. Facies association 2 comprises fining-up cycles deposited by low sinuosity streams which may have been braided or non-braided. Facies association 3 comprises conglomerates, pebbly sandstones and sandstones deposited by low sinuosity, braided stream channels. Facies association 4 comprises thick sequences of thinly bedded sandstones, siltstones and conglomerates laid down in persistent flood basins. Palaeocurrents show persistent stream flow from south west to north east and grain and pebble compositions are consistent with igneous and sedimentary sourcelands in Galloway. A gross upward trend to coarser, braided channel facies may have resulted from isostatic uplift in the hinterlands. The southern Border streams formed part of an interior drainage basin (Border Basin) with its centre to the north west of the present day Cheviot hills.
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