J. Weber

University of Applied Arts Vienna

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Roman Kozłowski

Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences

D. Mucha

Polish Academy of Sciences

Farkas Pintér

University of Applied Arts Vienna

W. Schwarz

University of Sydney

Karol Bayer

University of Pardubice

N. Gadermayr

University of Applied Arts Vienna

Lucia Toniolo

Politecnico di Milano

Robert F. H. Fischer

Universität Ulm

Valter Castelvetro

University of Pisa

D. Jaglin

Loughborough University

Cooperative Institutions

National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology

University of Applied Arts Vienna

Politecnico di Milano

University of Pisa

National Research Council

University of Bradford

Tecnologia Energia Ambiente Materiali (Italy)

Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes

University of Pardubice

Mylan (Switzerland)

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Methods of Microscopy to Identify and Characterise Hydraulic Binders in Historic Mortars—A Methodological Approach

Springer eBooks (2018)

J. Weber T. Köberle Farkas Pintér

Cementitious

Lime mortar

10.1007/978-3-319-91606-4_2

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Citations (3)

European project NANO-CATHEDRAL: efficacy assessment of nanomaterials for conservation of natural stones

Andrea Lazzeri Maria‐Beatrice Coltelli Marco Lezzerini Simona Raneri Valter Castelvetro

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Microstructure of historic and modern roman cements to understand their specific properties

Karol Bayer Christophe Gosselin G. Hilbert J. Weber

Roman cement mortars, one of the typical hydraulic building materials used mainly to decorate facades during the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries, exhibit specific performances regarding their workability, physico-mechanical performance and long-term stability. Their key properties are significant strength along with high capillary porosity, which makes them interesting materials for a number of applications. Thus, recently the interest in Roman cements has been steadily increasing e.g. in the field of conservation of architectural heritage. The microstructure of the hydrated matrix of Roman cement mortars can be directly correlated with their above mentioned macro properties which are currently assessed within the EU-FP7 project ROCARE. The present paper provides preliminary results of studies on the microstructure carried out in the frame of ROCARE and based on findings from the former EU-FP5 project ROCEM. The aims are to contribute to a better understanding and interpretation of the macro properties as a function of age, mortar formulations and curing conditions of Roman cement mortars. Reference to typical matrix microstructures found in historical Roman cement mortars is also presented. The analytical approach is mainly based on SEM-techniques preferentially employed on fresh fracture faces of mortars and pastes, using both secondary electron (SE) and back-scattered (BSE) detectors. The results are compared to the mineralogical and petrophysical mortars data.

Petrophysics

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Brick-Lime Mortars and Plasters of a Sixteenth Century Ottoman Bath from Budapest, Hungary

Springer eBooks (2010)

Farkas Pintér J. Weber Bernadett Bajnóczi Mária Tóth

Brick

Lime mortar

10.1007/978-3-642-14678-7_42

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The Caledonian deformation of the Brabant Massif and the Early Palaeozoic in northeast Germany: compared

Geological Magazine (1997)

U. Giese Gerhard Katzung Roland Walter J. Weber

The Caledonian deformation of the Brabant Massif and the Rügen Early Palaeozoic has been compared by structural analysis including strain determinations, X-ray texture analysis, illite crystallinity and vitrinite reflectivity. Both areas have experienced weak internal deformation under anchimetamorphic to very low-grade metamorphic conditions. The deformation of the Brabant Massif is characterized by (a) a pronounced diagenetic foliation which resulted from compaction and weak extensional tectonics; (b) tilting or weak folding of the Cambrian strata around the Cambrian/Ordovician boundary without internal deformation; (c) a main phase of Caledonian deformation in the Lower Devonian which was associated with open folding and an axial-plane pressure solution cleavage; (d) bending of Caledonian structures from northwest–southeast to northeast–southwest. The internal deformation appears homogeneous with decreasing strain values towards upper structural levels. The strain ellipsoid is predominantly prolate with the main axis of extension parallel to the bedding–cleavage intersection lineation. It is interpreted as the result of superposition of compaction, tectonic shortening and volume loss through pressure solution. The Rügen Early Palaeozoic is less deformed and less metamorphosed under anchizonal conditions. While the upper structural level is almost undeformed, towards the deeper structural levels a spaced and then a continuous slaty cleavage is developed which is successively crenulated by a fracture cleavage. The internal deformation appears inhomogeneous due to several thrust zones with somewhat higher strain values. Outside the thrust zones strain values increase towards lower structural levels, but not significantly. The strain ellipsoid is prolate with a strongly varying orientation of the X-axis. The structural inventory of both areas is comparable with other fold-and-thrust belts. While the Rügen Palaeozoic represents an imbricated thrust-fan of an upper structural level with discrete thrusts and inhomogeneous strain, the Brabant Massif represents a deeper structural level dominated by folding and more homogeneous internal deformation.

Massif

Stylolite

Pressure solution

Syncline

Devonian

10.1017/s0016756897007565

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Citations (21)

Thin-section microscopy of decayed crystalline marble from the garden sculptures of Schoenbrunn Palace in Vienna

Materials Characterization (2007)

J. Weber S. Beseler Katja Sterflinger

Sculpture

Thin section

Section (typography)

10.1016/j.matchar.2007.04.014

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Citations (11)

Self-cleaning and antifouling nanocomposites for stone protection: properties and performances of stone-nanomaterial systems

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering (2018)

Manuel Roveri Francesca Gherardi Sara Goidanich Davide Gulotta Valter Castelvetro

The development of nanocomposites combining photocatalytic, antifouling and protective features has provided interesting and promising results in the last years. However, few data about the behaviour of the nanomaterials applied on stone surfaces are available in the literature. In the framework of the EU-Horizon 2020 project "Nano-Cathedral", nanostructured protective treatments have been designed with different nanoparticles (TiO2, Ag, ZnO), solvents and silane/siloxane-based polymeric matrices. The innovative formulations have been applied on 6 lithotypes, selected among the stones used in five medieval cathedrals (Vitoria-Gasteiz, Ghent, Cologne, Vienna and Pisa) and a contemporary theatre (Oslo Opera House), which are emblematic of different European geological and environmental areas. The treated stone specimens have been fully characterized to evaluate the surface optical and morphological compatibility, the reduction of water absorption by capillarity, the change in wettability and water vapour permeability properties. The selected treatments fulfil all these requirements and exhibit good photocatalytic and antifouling properties once applied on stone specimens. Different accelerated ageing procedures have also been performed in order to evaluate the stability of the polymeric matrices in the presence of photoactive TiO2.

Biofouling

Nanomaterials

Siloxane

10.1088/1757-899x/364/1/012070

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Citations (14)

Calcination of Marls to Produce Roman Cement

Journal of ASTM International (2006)

DC HUGHES D. Jaglin Roman Kozłowski N. Mayr D. Mucha

Abstract Marls were identified from a range of European sources and assessed for their Cementation Index, as proposed by Eckel. Two were selected for calcination in a laboratory kiln; one from Folwark in Poland (CI 1.75) and one from Lillienfeld in Austria (CI 2.03). Analysis of historical documents, while not revealing precise kiln conditions, does suggest that they were such as not to yield complete decarbonation of the calcite. Consequently, a series of calcinations was undertaken in which the peak temperature control of the kiln was set in the range 730°C to 1100°C, with residence times in the range 150 to 1250 min. The airflow through the kiln was sufficient to maintain a minimum oxygen content of at least 12 %. The resulting clinker was ground to comply with the 19th century Austrian Norme. Pastes were produced at w/c = 0.65 and assessed for setting time and strength development (6 h to 1 year). Both parameters were highly dependent upon calcination conditions with both “low” and “high” calcinations producing slower setting and slower strength development than intermediate conditions. Two strength development profiles were identified; one being the expected continuous increase of strength, albeit with a declining rate of increase with time, while the other showed a three-step sequence of high initial strength, a dormant period which could last for many weeks and a final increase in strength to an age of one year. The cements were compared using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Considerable variation in the composition was noted and related to the calcination conditions. Of particular interest is the formation of both α'-belite and β-belite under differing calcination conditions. Clinker particles were also compared using the SEM in back-scattered electron imaging mode and the development of morphology observed.

Marl

10.1520/jai100661

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Citations (15)

Roman Cement Mortars in Europe’s Architectural Heritage of the 19th Century

Journal of ASTM International (2007)

J. Weber N. Gadermayr Karol Bayer D.L. Hughes Roman Kozłowski

Abstract Natural cements calcined at low temperatures, so-called Roman cements, formed an important binder material in 19th century construction and facade decoration of many European cities and towns. As a rule, Roman cement mortars appear well preserved. In order to understand their range of composition and properties, a number of samples from historic buildings were collected and analyzed. Microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy were employed along with the assessment of physico-mechanical properties. The study shows that the most significant feature of Roman cement mortars is a wide range of differently calcined clinker relicts within each mortar. These unreactive particles, classified as being either overfired or underfired, obviously play an important role for the mortar properties. The binder relicts are composed of a number of phases in the system Ca-Si-Al-Fe. C2S and C2AS (gehlenite) are among the most frequent compounds, their grain size and microstructure depending on calcination temperatures. In particular, the clinkers produced at lower temperatures show nonequilibrium features such as solid solution systems and zoning by partial diffusion. The aggregates found in the mortars cover a wide range of mineralogical compositions reflecting local geological conditions. Cast and in situ applied mortars differ in the amount of aggregate, which is generally lower for cast elements. There is no correlation between the amount of inert material and the state of preservation indicated, e.g., by the occurrence of shrinkage cracks. Historic cast mortars show high compressive strengths at comparably low moduli of elasticity. The total porosity is frequently high. This contribution presents the above-mentioned properties and discusses them in terms of the excellent aging performance of the historic Roman cement mortars.

10.1520/jai100667

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Citations (38)

Genesis and properties of soils derived from serpentinites in lower Silesia. Part I. Characteristics of parent rock.

Soil Science Annual (1980)

J. Weber

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Citations (1)