Joshua C. Stachnik

Lehigh University

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A. Meltzer

Lehigh University

A. F. Sheehan

University of Colorado Boulder

Philippe Charvis

Géoazur

Marc Régnier

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

Alexandra Alvarado

Instituto Geofísico de la Escuela Politécnica Nacional

Yvonne Font

Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

Fan‐Chi Lin

University of Utah

Lillian Soto-Cordero

Saint Louis University

J. A. Collins

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Hans Agurto‐Detzel

Geophysical Division of the Earth Science Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Géoazur

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

Instituto Geofísico de la Escuela Politécnica Nacional

Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

Université Côte d'Azur

Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency

University of Colorado Boulder

National Polytechnic School

Mongolian Academy of Sciences

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The thermal structure of subduction zones constrained by seismic imaging: Implications for slab dehydration and wedge flow

Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2006)

G. A. Abers Peter E. van Keken E. A. Kneller Aaron Ferris Joshua C. Stachnik

Slab

Underplating

Wedge (geometry)

10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.055

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Citations (242)

Structural Control on Megathrust Rupture and Slip Behavior: Insights From the 2016 Mw 7.8 Pedernales Ecuador Earthquake

Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (2020)

Lillian Soto-Cordero A. Meltzer Eric Bergman Mariah Hoskins Joshua C. Stachnik

Abstract The heterogeneous seafloor topography of the Nazca Plate as it enters the Ecuador subduction zone provides an opportunity to document the influence of seafloor roughness on slip behavior and megathrust rupture. The 2016 M w 7.8 Pedernales Ecuador earthquake was followed by a rich and active postseismic sequence. An internationally coordinated rapid response effort installed a temporary seismic network to densify coastal stations of the permanent Ecuadorian national seismic network. A combination of 82 onshore short and intermediate period and broadband seismic stations and six ocean bottom seismometers recorded the postseismic Pedernales sequence for over a year after the mainshock. A robust earthquake catalog combined with calibrated relocations for a subset of magnitude ≥4 earthquakes shows pronounced spatial and temporal clustering. A range of slip behavior accommodates postseismic deformation including earthquakes, slow slip events, and earthquake swarms. Models of plate coupling and the consistency of earthquake clustering and slip behavior through multiple seismic cycles reveal a segmented subduction zone primarily controlled by subducted seafloor topography, accreted terranes, and inherited structure. The 2016 Pedernales mainshock triggered moderate to strong earthquakes (5 ≤ M ≤ 7) and earthquake swarms north of the mainshock rupture close to the epicenter of the 1906 M w 8.8 earthquake and in the segment of the subduction zone that ruptured in 1958 in a M w 7.7 earthquake.

Seafloor Spreading

Epicenter

Seismometer

Slow earthquake

Earthquake rupture

10.1029/2019jb018001

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Citations (15)

Postseismic deformation: the Esmeraldas, Ecuador Seismic sequence Following the 2016 Pedernales Megathrust Earthquake

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2018)

Mariah Hoskins A. Meltzer Lillian Soto-Cordero Joshua C. Stachnik Colton Lynner

Sequence (biology)

Earthquake prediction

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Triggered crustal earthquake swarm across subduction segment boundary after the 2016 Pedernales, Ecuador megathrust earthquake

Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2020)

Mariah Hoskins A. Meltzer Yvonne Font Hans Agurto‐Detzel Sandro Vaca

Megathrust ruptures and the ensuing postseismic deformation cause stress changes that may induce seismicity on upper plate crustal faults far from the coseismic rupture area. In this study, we analyze seismic swarms that occurred in the north Ecuador area of Esmeraldas, beginning two months after the 2016 Mw 7.8 Pedernales, Ecuador megathrust earthquake. The Esmeraldas region is 70 km from the Pedernales rupture area in a separate segment of the subduction zone. We characterize the Esmeraldas sequence, relocating the events using manual arrival time picks and a local a-priori 3D velocity model. The earthquake locations from the Esmeraldas sequence outline an upper plate fault or shear zone. The sequence contains one major swarm and several smaller swarms. Moment tensor solutions of several events include normal and strike-slip motion and non-double-couple components. During the main swarm, earthquake hypocenters increase in distance from the first event over time, at a rate of a few hundred meters per day, consistent with fluid diffusion. Events with similar waveforms occur within the sequence, and a transient is seen in time series of nearby GPS stations concurrent with the seismicity. The events with similar waveforms and the transient in GPS time series suggest that slow aseismic slip took place along a crustal normal fault during the sequence. Coulomb stress calculations show a positive Coulomb stress change in the Esmeraldas region, consistent with seismicity being triggered by the Pedernales mainshock and large aftershocks. The characteristics of the seismicity indicate that postseismic deformation involving fluid flow and slow slip activated upper plate faults in the Esmeraldas area. These findings suggest the need for further investigation into the seismic hazard potential of shallow upper plate faults and the potential for megathrust earthquakes to trigger slow-slip and shallow seismicity across separate segments of subduction zones.

10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116620

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Citations (22)

Lithospheric shear velocity structure of South Island, New Zealand, from amphibious Rayleigh wave tomography

Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (2016)

Justin S. Ball A. F. Sheehan Joshua C. Stachnik Fan‐Chi Lin William L. Yeck

Abstract We present a crust and mantle 3‐D shear velocity model extending well offshore of New Zealand's South Island, imaging the lithosphere beneath the South Island as well as the Campbell and Challenger Plateaus. Our model is constructed via linearized inversion of both teleseismic (18–70 s period) and ambient noise‐based (8–25 s period) Rayleigh wave dispersion measurements. We augment an array of 4 land‐based and 29 ocean bottom instruments deployed off the South Island's east and west coasts in 2009–2010 by the Marine Observations of Anisotropy Near Aotearoa experiment with 28 land‐based seismometers from New Zealand's permanent GeoNet array. Major features of our shear wave velocity ( V s ) model include a low‐velocity ( V s < 4.4 km/s) body extending from near surface to greater than 75 km depth beneath the Banks and Otago Peninsulas and high‐velocity ( V s ~4.7 km/s) mantle anomalies underlying the Southern Alps and off the northwest coast of the South Island. Using the 4.5 km/s contour as a proxy for the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary, our model suggests that the lithospheric thickness of Challenger Plateau and central South Island is substantially greater than that of the inner Campbell Plateau. The high‐velocity anomaly we resolve at subcrustal depths (>50 km) beneath the central South Island exhibits strong spatial correlation with upper mantle earthquake hypocenters beneath the Alpine Fault. The ~400 km long low‐velocity zone we image beneath eastern South Island and the inner Bounty Trough underlies Cenozoic volcanics and the locations of mantle‐derived helium measurements, consistent with asthenospheric upwelling in the region.

Asthenosphere

Rayleigh Wave

Seismic Tomography

Low-velocity zone

Shear velocity

10.1002/2015jb012726

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Citations (21)

Analysis of the 15 December 2017 Mw 6.5 and the 23 January 2018 Mw 5.9 Java Earthquakes

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2020)

Anne Meylani Magdalena Sirait A. Meltzer F. Waldhauser Joshua C. Stachnik Daryono Daryono

ABSTRACT The west part of Java sits at the transition from oblique subduction of the Australian plate under the Sunda block of the Eurasian plate along Sumatra to orthogonal convergence along central and eastern Java. This region has experienced several destructive earthquakes, the 17 July 2006 Mw 7.7 earthquake and tsunami off the coast of Pangandaran and the 2 September 2009 Mw 7 earthquake, located off the coast of Tasikmalaya. More recently, on 15 December 2017, an Mw 6.5 earthquake occurred off the coast near Pangandaran, and, on 23 January 2018, an Mw 5.9 earthquake occurred offshore Lebak, between Pelabuhan Ratu and Ujung Kulon. Ground shaking and damage occurred locally and in Jakarta on the northern coast of Java. In this study, we use the double-difference technique to relocate both mainshocks and 10 months of seismicity (228 events) following the earthquakes. The relocation result improved the mainshock locations and depth distribution of earthquakes. Moment tensor of the December 2017 event located the hypocenter at ∼108 km depth within the subducting slab. The best-fit relocation places the depth at 61 km, close to the slab interface. Aftershocks occur between 68 and 86 km depth and align along a steeper plane than slab geometry models. The January 2018 event is located at ∼46 km depth. Aftershocks form a near-vertical, pipe-like structure from the plate interface to ∼10 km depth. A burst of aftershocks immediately following the mainshock shows a shallowing upward trend at a rate of ∼2 km/hr, suggesting that a fluid pressure wave released from the oceanic crust is causing brittle failure in the overriding plate, followed by upward migration of fluids. Five months later, shallow (<25 km) seismicity collocates with background seismicity, suggesting the January 2018 event activated the Pelabuhan Ratu fault system close to the coast.

Hypocenter

Tsunami earthquake

Focal mechanism

Slab

Seismic zone

10.1785/0120200046

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Citations (5)

A fast and robust method for moment tensor and depth determination of shallow seismic events in CTBT related studies.

EGUGA (2017)

Ben Baker Joshua C. Stachnik Mikhail Rozhkov

Moment tensor

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The Mw7.8 2016 Pedernales, Ecuador earthquake aftershock sequence: a detailed spatio-temporal analysis of the rupture processes, stress patterns and slip behavior

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2018)

Lillian Soto-Cordero A. Meltzer Joshua C. Stachnik Hans Agurto‐Detzel Alexandra Alvarado

Sequence (biology)

Earthquake simulation

Source

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The Central Mongolia Seismic Experiment: Multiple Applications of Temporary Broadband Seismic Arrays

Seismological Research Letters (2019)

A. Meltzer Joshua C. Stachnik С. Дэмбэрэл Ulziibat Munkhuu B. Tsagaan

Research Article| April 10, 2019 The Central Mongolia Seismic Experiment: Multiple Applications of Temporary Broadband Seismic Arrays Anne Meltzer; Anne Meltzer aDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, 1 West Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015 U.S.A., ameltzer@lehigh.edu, jcstachnik@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Joshua C. Stachnik; Joshua C. Stachnik aDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, 1 West Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015 U.S.A., ameltzer@lehigh.edu, jcstachnik@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Demberel Sodnomsambuu; Demberel Sodnomsambuu bInstitute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, POB‐152, Ulaanbaatar 13343, Mongolia, demberel@iag.ac.mn, ulzibat@iag.ac.mn, baasanbat@iag.ac.mn, mongon@iag.ac.mn Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ulziibat Munkhuu; Ulziibat Munkhuu bInstitute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, POB‐152, Ulaanbaatar 13343, Mongolia, demberel@iag.ac.mn, ulzibat@iag.ac.mn, baasanbat@iag.ac.mn, mongon@iag.ac.mn Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Baasanbat Tsagaan; Baasanbat Tsagaan bInstitute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, POB‐152, Ulaanbaatar 13343, Mongolia, demberel@iag.ac.mn, ulzibat@iag.ac.mn, baasanbat@iag.ac.mn, mongon@iag.ac.mn Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Mungunsuren Dashdondog; Mungunsuren Dashdondog bInstitute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, POB‐152, Ulaanbaatar 13343, Mongolia, demberel@iag.ac.mn, ulzibat@iag.ac.mn, baasanbat@iag.ac.mn, mongon@iag.ac.mn Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Raymond Russo Raymond Russo cDepartment of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, 241 Williamson Hall, P.O. Box 112120, Gainesville, Florida 32611‐2120 U.S.A., rrusso@ufl.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Anne Meltzer aDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, 1 West Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015 U.S.A., ameltzer@lehigh.edu, jcstachnik@gmail.com Joshua C. Stachnik aDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, 1 West Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015 U.S.A., ameltzer@lehigh.edu, jcstachnik@gmail.com Demberel Sodnomsambuu bInstitute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, POB‐152, Ulaanbaatar 13343, Mongolia, demberel@iag.ac.mn, ulzibat@iag.ac.mn, baasanbat@iag.ac.mn, mongon@iag.ac.mn Ulziibat Munkhuu bInstitute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, POB‐152, Ulaanbaatar 13343, Mongolia, demberel@iag.ac.mn, ulzibat@iag.ac.mn, baasanbat@iag.ac.mn, mongon@iag.ac.mn Baasanbat Tsagaan bInstitute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, POB‐152, Ulaanbaatar 13343, Mongolia, demberel@iag.ac.mn, ulzibat@iag.ac.mn, baasanbat@iag.ac.mn, mongon@iag.ac.mn Mungunsuren Dashdondog bInstitute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, POB‐152, Ulaanbaatar 13343, Mongolia, demberel@iag.ac.mn, ulzibat@iag.ac.mn, baasanbat@iag.ac.mn, mongon@iag.ac.mn Raymond Russo cDepartment of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, 241 Williamson Hall, P.O. Box 112120, Gainesville, Florida 32611‐2120 U.S.A., rrusso@ufl.edu Publisher: Seismological Society of America First Online: 10 Apr 2019 Online Issn: 1938-2057 Print Issn: 0895-0695 © Seismological Society of America Seismological Research Letters (2019) 90 (3): 1364–1376. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220180360 Article history First Online: 10 Apr 2019 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Anne Meltzer, Joshua C. Stachnik, Demberel Sodnomsambuu, Ulziibat Munkhuu, Baasanbat Tsagaan, Mungunsuren Dashdondog, Raymond Russo; The Central Mongolia Seismic Experiment: Multiple Applications of Temporary Broadband Seismic Arrays. Seismological Research Letters 2019;; 90 (3): 1364–1376. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220180360 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietySeismological Research Letters Search Advanced Search ABSTRACT As part of multidisciplinary research on intracontinental deformation and surface uplift, we deployed a temporary broadband seismic array in central Mongolia covering an ∼900×600 km area extending from Lake Khövsgöl in the north to the Altai Mountains in the south. A total of 112 broadband stations were deployed as three separate subarrays in two separate mobilizations. Each subarray recorded local, regional, and teleseismic earthquakes for a 21‐month period. Although the primary purpose of the array is to characterize the lithosphere and sublithospheric mantle, the array recorded a number of events of potential interest to the broader geoscience community including the Chelyabinsk meteor explosion, North Korean nuclear tests, the deep Mw 8.3 Sea of Okhotsk earthquake, and large megathrust events offshore Chile and in Nepal. The array includes the first dense deployment of seismometers across the Hangay dome, a region previously believed to be relatively aseismic serving as a rigid block focusing strain to the west and south along the Mongolian and Gobi‐Altai. Initial results from local earthquakes recorded by the array suggest that the Hangay is deforming rather than behaving as a rigid block and that the earthquake potential of faults within the Hangay should be incorporated in hazard analysis for Mongolia. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

10.1785/0220180360

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Citations (29)

Shear Wave Velocity of New Zealand's South Island (unconstrained version)

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2016)

Justin S. Ball A. F. Sheehan Joshua C. Stachnik Fan‐Chi Lin William L. Yeck

Crust and mantle 3-D shear velocity model extending well offshore of New Zealand’s South Island, imaging the lithosphere beneath the South Island as well as the Campbell and Challenger Plateaus. Our model is constructed via linearized inversion of both teleseismic (18–70 s period) and ambient noise-based (8–25 s period) Rayleigh wave dispersion measurements. We augment an array of 4 land-based and 29 ocean bottom instruments deployed off the South Island’s east and west coasts in 2009–2010 by the Marine Observations of Anisotropy Near Aotearoa experiment with 28 land-based seismometers from New Zealand’s permanent GeoNet array. This model is completely unconstrained (all layers are allowed to vary equally). The "Moho" model using Moho depth constraints obtained from the model of Salmon et al. (2011) can be found under 'Shear Wave Velocity of New Zealand's South Island (Moho version)'.

Wave velocity

10.5281/zenodo.2632017

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Citations (0)