S. M. Mehdi

Houston Fertility Institute

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Ghulam Hassan

Government of Punjab

Muhammad Sarfraz

University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Ashfaq Ahmad Rahi

Mustansiriyah University

Abdul Ghafoor

King Faisal University

M. Sadiq

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

Salwa Awad Abbas

Pakistan Agricultural Research Council

G. Hassan

Beni-Suef University

Amjad Hussain

Huazhong Agricultural University

Obaid-ur-Rehman

National Defence University

Ghulam Murtaza

National University of Sciences and Technology

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University of Agriculture Faisalabad

The University of Agriculture, Peshawar

Pakistan Agricultural Research Council

Islamia University of Bahawalpur

University of Faisalabad

Huazhong Agricultural University

Bahauddin Zakariya University

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir

King Faisal University

University of Lahore

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Assessment of Phosphorus Requirements of Wheat on Different Textured Alluvial Soils through Freundlich Type Equations

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis (2010)

Amjad Hussain Ghulam Murtaza Abdul Ghafoor S. M. Mehdi Muḥammad Ṣābir

Once soil solution phosphorus (P) level optimum for plant growth is identified, P adsorption isotherms or their equations can further be used to estimate fertilizer P rates required to adjust this desired soil solution P level to obtain maximum yield. Surface soil samples were collected from a farmer's field area and research area. An adsorption study was conducted on Ustic Endoaquerts (S1 soil), Typic Calciargids (S2 soil), and Typic Torripsamments (S3 soil) to develop the Freundlich-type equations. Phosphorus adsorption data were obtained by equilibrating 10-g soil samples in 100 mL of 0.01 M calcium chloride (CaCl2) containing various amounts of monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4). Values of 1/n (slope) ranged from 0.4827 to 0.6452 L kg−1. Based on 1/n values, it was inferred that each of the two S1 and S3 soils was homogeneous and S2 was not. The KF (mg P kg−1) values of S1, S2, and S3 soils were 92.45, 55.81, and 23.38, respectively. The highest amount of P (92.45 mg kg−1) was adsorbed at unit EPC in S1 soil, whereas the lowest amount (23.38 mg P kg−1) was adsorbed in S3 soil. Thereafter, 11 P fertilizer doses were calculated by these Freundlich-type equations to adjust different estimated soil solution P levels that were designated as treatments (0.05 to 0.90 mg L−1). Then field experiments on wheat (cv. Inqalab-91) were conducted according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) on these soils to determine internal (plant tissue), external (soil solution), and fertilizer P requirements. Maximum wheat gain yield (Mg ha−1) was 6.82 with T5 (0.25 mg P L−1) on S1 soil, 5.96 with T5 (0.25 mg P L−1) on S2 soil, and 4.97 with T7 (0.40 mg P L−1) on S3 soil that was obtained by application of 196 kg P2O5 ha−1 on S1 soil, 142 kg P2O5 ha−1 on S2 soil, and 78 kg P2O5 ha−1 on S3 soil. Internal P concentration (%) associated with 95% of maximum wheat yield at booting stage was 0.32 in S1, 0.21 in S2, and 0.33 in S3 soil. In straw, it was 0.123% in S1, 0.080% in S2, and 0.108% in S3 soil. The internal P requirement of wheat grain was 0.39% in S1, 0.40% in S2, and 0.37% in S3 soil. External soil solution P requirement (ESPR) for 95% of maximum yield of wheat was 0.45 mg L−1 in S1 soil, 0.34 mg L−1 in S2 soil, and 0.44 mg L−1 in S3 soil. Quantity of P2O5 corresponding to ESPR values were 217 kg ha−1 on S1, 123 kg ha−1 on S2, and 60 kg ha−1 on S3 soil. Putting ESPR values in the respective Freundlich-type equation, P fertilizer rates (kg P2O5 ha−1) were estimated that were 282 on S1, 167 on S2, and 83 on S3 soil; Practically, 262, 156, and 78 kg P2O5 ha−1 was applied in the field to adjust soil solution P level (mg L−1) at 0.40 (T7), 0.30 (T6), and 0.40 (T7) in S1, S2, and S3 soil, respectively, that are somewhat less than determined ESPR values. Phosphorous doses applied to achieve a desired EPAS value or estimated from graphs against predicted ESPR values, or calculated from corresponding Freundlich-type equations using desired ESPR values are in close proximity to one another. Therefore, any of the techniques can be used interchangeably to estimate the P fertilizer requirement for optimum wheat yield.

Soil test

10.1080/00103624.2010.511373

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Amelioration of Saline-Sodic Soils with Tillage Implements and Sulfuric Acid Application

Pedosphere (2007)

Muhammad Sadiq Ghulam Hassan S. M. Mehdi Nazir Hussain Muhammad Atif Jamil

Plough

Sodic soil

10.1016/s1002-0160(07)60024-1

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Citations (80)