Nebeal Faris

RMIT University

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Mark I. Pownceby

Australian Resources Research Centre

Rahul Ram

Monash University

James Tardio

RMIT University

Suresh K. Bhargava

RMIT University

Miao Chen

Wuhan Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute

Warren J. Bruckard

Australian Resources Research Centre

Scott A. McMaster

RMIT University

Cooperative Institutions

RMIT University

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

Australian Resources Research Centre

Mineral Resources

MIT University

CSIRO Manufacturing

RMIT Europe

Indian Institute of Chemical Technology

Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials

Civil Aviation Management Institute of China

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Application of ferrous pyrometallurgy to the beneficiation of rare earth bearing iron ores – A review

Minerals Engineering (2017)

Nebeal Faris Rahul Ram James Tardio Suresh K. Bhargava Scott A. McMaster

Beneficiation

Pyrometallurgy

Iron ore

10.1016/j.mineng.2017.04.005

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Citations (54)

The Direct Leaching of Nickel Sulfide Flotation Concentrates – A Historic and State-of-the-Art Review Part I: Piloted Processes and Commercial Operations

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review (2022)

Nebeal Faris Mark I. Pownceby Warren J. Bruckard Miao Chen

The extraction of nickel (Ni) from sulfide resources commences with flotation to produce a concentrate which is then smelted to produce a nickel-enriched phase called matte, and further refined to produce pure Ni products as well as by-products, such as cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) and precious metals. However, the traditional concentrate smelting-matte refining process, whilst technologically robust, is capital intensive and suffers from several environmental and technical issues such as sulfur dioxide emissions, poor recovery of cobalt and difficulty processing concentrates high in magnesia and arsenic without appropriate blending with high grade concentrates to dilute the concentration of these species. The direct hydrometallurgical processing of nickel sulfide concentrates and whole ores may be a remedy to these issues and hydrometallurgy offers several advantages over pyrometallurgy such as potentially lower capital costs, the ability to process lower grade materials and produce marketable metals or compounds directly from ore/concentrate. Despite the advantages of hydrometallurgy over traditional base metal sulfide smelting, the hydrometallurgical processing of nickel concentrates has been limited to a small handful of commercial operations, some of which only produce an upgraded intermediate for pyrometallurgical processing. In Part I of this three-part series, a comprehensive review of piloted processes for direct hydrometallurgical processing of nickel sulfide concentrates is presented, followed by a survey of industrial operations which have carried out direct leaching of nickel sulfide concentrates. A review of research activities and challenges/opportunities in the direct hydrometallurgical processing of nickel sulfide concentrates are presented in Part II and Part III of this series.

Pyrometallurgy

Hydrometallurgy

Pentlandite

Nickel sulfide

Flash smelting

Mineral processing

10.1080/08827508.2022.2070617

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Citations (20)

Investigation into coal-based magnetizing roasting of an iron-rich rare earth ore and the associated mineralogical transformations

Minerals Engineering (2017)

Nebeal Faris James Tardio Rahul Ram Suresh K. Bhargava Mark I. Pownceby

Roasting

Iron ore

Wüstite

Fayalite

Beneficiation

10.1016/j.mineng.2017.09.007

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Citations (39)

Experimental study into the beneficiation of a ferruginous rare earth bearing lateritic ore by magnetising roasting and magnetic separation

Minerals Engineering (2019)

Nebeal Faris Rahul Ram James Tardio Suresh K. Bhargava Mark I. Pownceby

Beneficiation

Magnetic separation

Roasting

Gangue

Iron ore

Mineral processing

10.1016/j.mineng.2019.04.019

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Citations (6)

Uranium leaching from synthetic betafite: [(Ca,U)2(Ti,Nb,Ta)2O7]

International Journal of Mineral Processing (2017)

Scott A. McMaster Rahul Ram Nebeal Faris Mark I. Pownceby James Tardio

Lixiviant

Passivation

Jarosite

10.1016/j.minpro.2017.01.011

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Citations (10)

The Direct Leaching of Nickel Sulfide Flotation Concentrates - A Historic and State-of-the-Art Review Part II: Laboratory Investigations into Pressure Leaching

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review (2022)

Nebeal Faris Mark I. Pownceby Warren J. Bruckard Miao Chen

The following review is the second part of a series concerned with the direct hydrometallurgical processing of nickel sulfide flotation concentrates. In the first part of this series, piloted leaching processes and commercial nickel sulfide operations which employed direct hydrometallurgical processing were comprehensively reviewed. In Part II of this series, laboratory investigations into the pressure leaching of nickeliferous sulfide concentrates are critically analyzed. From this review, it is apparent that sulfuric acid pressure leaching processes have received the most attention relative to other lixiviant systems such as ammonia/ammonium, chloride, and nitric acid. This is likely due to the numerous technical advantages sulfate-based leaching systems offers relative to other lixiviants. Laboratory investigations into atmospheric concentrate leaching processes are explored in Part III of this series.

Lixiviant

Nickel sulfide

Hydrometallurgy

Nitric acid

10.1080/08827508.2022.2084735

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Citations (5)

Characterisation of a ferruginous rare earth bearing lateritic ore and implications for rare earth mineral processing

Minerals Engineering (2019)

Nebeal Faris Rahul Ram James Tardio Suresh K. Bhargava Mark I. Pownceby

Gangue

Carbonatite

Rare-earth element

Supergene (geology)

Ilmenite

10.1016/j.mineng.2019.01.019

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Citations (19)

The Direct Leaching of Nickel Sulfide Flotation Concentrates – A Historic and State-of-the-Art Review Part III: Laboratory Investigations into Atmospheric Leach Processes

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review (2022)

Nebeal Faris Mark I. Pownceby Warren J. Bruckard Miao Chen

The following review is Part III of a series concerned with the direct hydrometallurgical processing of nickel sulfide flotation concentrates. In the first part of this series, piloted leaching processes and commercial nickel sulfide operations that employed direct hydrometallurgical processing were comprehensively reviewed. In the second part of this series, laboratory investigations into pressure leaching of nickel sulfide concentrates were critically analyzed. In Part III of this series, laboratory investigations into the leaching of nickeliferous sulfide concentrates at ambient pressure are reviewed, and the challenges and research opportunities in the direct leaching of nickel sulfide flotation concentrates are summarized. The majority of the published studies on atmospheric leaching of nickel sulfide flotation concentrates have focused on leaching in chloride media due to the faster leaching kinetics in chloride lixiviants relative to sulfate media; bioleaching due to the perceived environmental advantages over other leaching systems; and pyrometallurgical pre-treatments to render refractory sulfide minerals more amenable to subsequent leaching.

Nickel sulfide

10.1080/08827508.2022.2098292

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Citations (4)

Radionuclide disposal using the pyrochlore supergroup of minerals as a host matrix—A review

Journal of Hazardous Materials (2018)

Scott A. McMaster Rahul Ram Nebeal Faris Mark I. Pownceby

Vitrification

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.037

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Citations (80)