Systematic geochemical studies of the Proterozoic Lengjiaxi Group in northeastern Hunan Province suggest that the Lengjiaxi Group is a Au-As-Sb-W association-type Au-bearing turbidite formation. The contents of Au, As, Sb, W, Cr, Mn, Pb and Zn in the turbidite formation are more than two times as high as the average contents of trace elements in the upper continental crust. The low abundance of Ag and the close correlation between Au and As are two important characteristic features. In the Au-bearing turbidite formation the enrichment of gold is due to the extensive occurrence of Au-bearing pyrites. Higher contents of Au, W, Sb and Ag in the graywacke indicate that they also exist in the form of heavy minerals. Au, Ag, As, Sb, W and REE in the Au-bearing turbidite formation have a close genetic relation with the chemistry of the gold deposits.
Objective This study was aimed at evaluating the clinical efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) to treat muscle spasticity after brain injury (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-TRC-11001310). Methods A total of 60 patients with muscle spasticity after brain injury were randomized to the following 3 groups: 100, 2, and 0 Hz (sham) TEAS. The acupoints Hegu (LI4)—Yuji (LU10) and Zusanli (ST36)—Chengshan (BL57) on the injured side were stimulated at 0, 2, or 100 Hz, 5 times per week for 4 weeks. The patients were followed up for 1 and 2 months after the treatments. The effects of the treatments on muscle spasticity at the wrist, thumb, the other 4 fingers, elbow, shoulder, knee, and ankle were evaluated by the Modified Ashworth Scale, and the effects on disability were assessed by the Disability Assessment Scale. The walking capability was evaluated by the Holden functional ambulation classification score. The overall performance was assessed by the Global Assessment Scale score and the improved Barthel Index. The safety of the treatments administered was also monitored. Results The wrist spasticity was significantly reduced from baseline at weeks 2, 3, and 4 of treatment and at the 1- and 2-month follow-up visits in the 100 Hz group (P < 0.01). Compared with 2 Hz or sham TEAS, 100 Hz TEAS decreased wrist spasticity at weeks 2, 3, and 4 of treatment and 1 month after treatment (P < 0.001). The other endpoints were not affected by the treatments. No treatment-emergent adverse events were reported during treatments and follow-up visits. Conclusions TEAS appears to be a safe and effective therapy to relieve muscle spasticity after brain injury, although large-scale studies are required to further verify the findings. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-TRC-11001310 http://www.chictr.org
Carbonaceous aerosols, including organic carbon aerosols and black carbon aerosols, are produced by the combustion of pulverized coal even under fuel-lean conditions. These carbonaceous aerosols can be particularly hazardous to human health. In this study, the chemical compositions and formation pathways of organic aerosols emitted during the combustion of high-sulfur-content coals were investigated. It was found that nitrogen-containing organic matter contains a significant proportion of organic aerosol mass from the combustion of high-sulfur-content coals, which is not the case for organic aerosols generated during the combustion of low-sulfur-content coals. The formation of organic aerosols was significantly enhanced when higher-sulfur-content coal was burned. A strong correlation between organic aerosol mass and the sulfate concentration was observed. It is proposed that acidic sulfate particles absorb the nitrogen-containing organic volatiles produced by coal pyrolysis onto the particle phase through acid–base neutralization reactions.
Abstract Heavy ion beams have many exciting applications, including radiotherapy of deep-seated tumors and simulation tests of space irradiation for astronauts. These beams often use a feature that concentrates the energy deposition largely along the end of the energy pathway, leading to different distributions of biological effects along the axial direction. Currently, there is relatively little information regarding the radial directional difference of biological effects along the heavy ion paths. This study utilized a filter membrane that was quantatively applied with cells to demonstrate a 3D distribution model of irradiation on biological effects in living organisms. Some results have indicated that there is excitatory effect on the non-irradiated regions with energetic ions, which may give new insights into the distribution of biological effects along the paths of heavy ion beams with mid-high energy.
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