Joseph J. Delfino

University of Florida

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P. Suresh C. Rao

Purdue University West Lafayette

Adam B. Munson

South Florida Water Management District

K. R. Reddy

University of Florida

Gabriel Bitton

University of Florida

James M. Brannon

University of Tennessee at Knoxville

Matthew M. Booth

University of Florida

Brian E. Rood

Mercer University

Yap Chin Ann

Malaysian Cocoa Board

Stewart E. Holm

California State University, Stanislaus

Edward Heyse

Patrick Air Force Base

Cooperative Institutions

University of Florida

Purdue University West Lafayette

University of Wisconsin–Madison

Environmental Protection Agency

Ecological Society of America

John Wiley & Sons (United States)

University of South Florida

Stanford University

U.S. Army Corp of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station

South Florida Water Management District

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THE TOXICITY OF SULFUR TO MICROTOX® FROM ACETONITRILE EXTRACTS OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (1992)

Mark W. Jacobs Joseph J. Delfino Gabriel Bitton

Toxicity bioassays of solvent extracts of sediments are used to evaluate the toxicological effects of extracted hydrophobic organic contaminants. However, this type of bioassay assesses the toxicity of all extracted compounds, natural or anthropogenic. Sediment extracts are typically subjected to cleanup procedures before chemical analysis to remove interfering, coextracted substances. This study evaluated the effect of cleanup procedures on the toxicity of acetonitrile extracts of contaminated sediments by using the Microtox® bioluminescence bioassay. Extract cleanup significantly reduced toxicity of most extracts when copper powder was added to remove coextracted sulfur. Microtox was shown to be highly sensitive (EC50 of 24.7-35.8 μg/L) to elemental sulfur dissolved in several organic solvents. Toxicity tests utilizing solvent extracts of sediments must take into account the toxic effects of coextracted sulfur on bioassay organisms to accurately assess the environmental impacts of extracted hydrophobic contaminants.

EC50

10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[1137:ttostm]2.0.co;2

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Citations (1)

Dissolution rates of three high explosive compounds: TNT, RDX, and HMX

Chemosphere (2002)

Jason C. Lynch James M. Brannon Joseph J. Delfino

Trinitrotoluene

Energetic material

10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00035-8

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Citations (97)

Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Dissolution and Soil Organic Matter Sorption in Porous Media: Review of System Similarities

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology (2002)

Edward Heyse Denie Augustijn P. Suresh C. Rao Joseph J. Delfino

We examine similarities in constraints to mass transfer of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) between the aqueous and various organic phases in porous media at the grain scale. Published research and data are reviewed regarding equilibrium coefficients and first-order rate constants for mass transfer of HOCs between water and natural organic matter present in various geosorbents (e.g., soils, sediments, and aquifer solids), and several oils (petroleum products, decane, and coal tar). We propose how these equilibrium and mass-transfer coefficients can be estimated by methods common to all organic phases. Equilibrium coefficients can be reliably estimated using Raoult's law. First-order rate constants obtained from extensive literature data appear to be dependent on aqueous-phase diffusion and duration of exposure (or contact). The aqueous diffusion domain may be either an interfacial film (for low viscosity oil ganglia) or a retarded immobile water zone (for geosorbents).

Coal tar

Aqueous two-phase system

Decane

10.1080/10643380290813471

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Citations (35)

The toxicity of sulfur to microtox® from acetonitrile extracts of contaminated sediments

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (1992)

Mark W. Jacobs Joseph J. Delfino Gabriel Bitton

Abstract Toxicity bioassays of solvent extracts of sediments are used to evaluate the toxicological effects of extracted hydrophobic organic contaminants. However, this type of bioassay assesses the toxicity of all extracted compounds, natural or anthropogenic. Sediment extracts are typically subjected to cleanup procedures before chemical analysis to remove interfering, coextracted substances. This study evaluated the effect of cleanup procedures on the toxicity of acetonitrile extracts of contaminated sediments by using the Microtox® bioluminescence bioassay. Extract cleanup significantly reduced toxicity of most extracts when copper powder was added to remove coextracted sulfur. Microtox was shown to be highly sensitive (EC50 of 24.7-35.8 μg/L) to elemental sulfur dissolved in several organic solvents. Toxicity tests utilizing solvent extracts of sediments must take into account the toxic effects of coextracted sulfur on bioassay organisms to accurately assess the environmental impacts of extracted hydrophobic contaminants.

10.1002/etc.5620110810

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Citations (49)

EFFECT OF pH ON PHOSPHORUS RELEASE DURING MACROPHYTE (ELEOCHARIS sp.) DECOMPOSITION¹

JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association (1987)

R. Walter Ogburn Patrick L. Brezonik Joseph J. Delfino

ABSTRACT: Laboratory microcosms were used to evaluate the effect of pH on release of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) during aerobic decomposition of the aquatic macrophyte Eleocharis sp., which is common in oligotrophic Florida lakes. The total amount of SRP released during a 227‐day incubation in the dark was independent of pH over the range 3.7 to 5.5, but initial rates of release were faster at the lowest pH. The results indicate that the low total phosphorus concentrations observed in many acidic lakes are not necessarily attributable to reduced rates of decomposition and nutrient mineralization at low pH, as some researchers have suggested.

Microcosm

10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb02958.x

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Citations (14)

Ecological–economic evaluation of wetland management alternatives

Ecological Engineering (1998)

Shan-Shin Ton Howard T. Odum Joseph J. Delfino

Microcosm

Emergy

Restoration Ecology

Taxodium

10.1016/s0925-8574(98)00039-1

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Citations (32)

Hydrologic and biotic influences on nitrate removal in a subtropical spring‐fed river

Limnology and Oceanography (2009)

James B. Heffernan Matthew J. Cohen Thomas K. Frazer Ray G. Thomas Travis J. Rayfield

We use a long‐term chemical and hydrologic record in combination with longitudinal sampling and high‐frequency nitrate (NO 3 ‐ ) measurements from in situ sensors to describe temporal and spatial patterns of nitrogen (N) inputs and removal in the spring‐fed Ichetucknee River (Columbia County, Florida) and to determine the hydrological, geomorphic, and biological factors that influence those dynamics. Over a 20‐yr period of record, NO 3 ‐N removal averaged 118 kg N d ‐1 (0.77 g N m ‐2 d ‐1 ) over the upper 5 km of the Ichetucknee River. Three independent estimates of gross autotrophicNassimilation (from gross primary production, diel NO 3 ‐ variation, and standing biomass) agreed closely but accounted for less than 20% of observed N removal. Longitudinal surveys indicate negligible or negative dissolved organic nitrogen and ammonium (NH 4 + ) production, suggesting that denitrification is the predominant mechanism of N removal in this river. A positive relationship between discharge and the magnitude of NO 3 ‐N removal shows that interactions with the surrounding floodplain exert considerable influence at high flows, and longitudinal NO 3 ‐ patterns indicate that N removal may be influenced by channel morphology. These results suggest a greater role for dissimilatory processes and hydrologic connectivity with hyporheic and floodplain sediments than has been previously recognized in highly productive spring‐fed rivers of north Florida. While hydrologic variation is the primary determinant of variation in NO 3 ‐ removal within the Ichetucknee River, comparison across systems indicates that biotic characteristics can cause significant deviation from predictions based on purely physical models of relationships between river size and N removal.

Hyporheic Zone

10.4319/lo.2010.55.1.0249

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Citations (59)

Selected resin acids in effluent and receiving waters derived from a bleached and unbleached kraft pulp and paper mill

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (2003)

Brian P. Quinn Matthew M. Booth Joseph J. Delfino Stewart E. Holm Timothy S. Gross

Water samples were collected on three dates at 24 sites influenced by effluent from Georgia-Pacific's Palatka Pulp and Paper Mill Operation, a bleached and unbleached kraft mill near Palatka, Florida, USA. The sampling sites were located within the mill retention ponds, Rice Creek, and the St. John's River. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for abietic, dehydroabietic, and isopimaric acids, all of which are potentially toxic by-products of pulp production. Isopimaric acid concentrations greater than 12 mg/L were measured at the mill's effluent outfall but were less than 20 microg/L at the end of Rice Creek. This result indicates that the waters of Rice Creek provide dilution or conditions conducive for degradation or sorption of these compounds. Large differences in resin acid concentrations were observed between sampling events. In two sampling events, the maximum observed concentrations were less than 2 mg/L for each analyte. In a third sampling event, all of the compounds were detected at concentrations greater than 10 mg/L. Data from the three sample dates showed that resin acid concentrations were below 20 microg/L before the confluence of Rice Creek and the St. John's River in all cases.

Paper mill

Pulp mill

Dilution

Abietic acid

10.1002/etc.5620220128

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Citations (19)

Retention of hydrophobic solutes on reversed-phase liquid chromatography supports: Correlation with solute topology and hydrophobicity indices

Chemosphere (1992)

Kent B. Woodburn Joseph J. Delfino P. Suresh C. Rao

Alkylbenzenes

Octanol