Irving Friedman

United States Geological Survey

Author Statistics

Papers

Citation

H-Index

i-10 index

Research Trends

Author Order

Document Type

Co-Authors

Jim D. Gleason

University of Kentucky

George I. Smith

United States Geological Survey

Kenneth Hardcastle

United States Geological Survey

Willis P. Doering

Yellowstone Ecological Research Center

William D. Long

Augusta University

Alfred C. Redfield

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Daniel R. Norton

3M (United States)

Augusta Warden

United States Geological Survey

James R. O’Neil

University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

Fred G. Barker

Massachusetts General Hospital

Cooperative Institutions

United States Geological Survey

Denver Federal Center

United States Department of the Interior

Menlo School

Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center

University of Wisconsin–Madison

NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research

United States Government Publishing Office

Yellowstone National Park

University of California, Los Angeles

Author Statistics

Papers

Citation

H-Index

i-10 index

Research Field

Modeling of ancient climate from deuterium content of water in volcanic glass

Quaternary International (1992)

Irving Friedman Jim D. Gleason Ray E. Wilcox Augusta Warden

Volcanic ash

Deposition

10.1016/1040-6182(92)90029-2

Cite

Citations (9)

Stable isotope compositions of waters in the Great Basin, United States 2. Modern precipitation

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (2002)

Irving Friedman George I. Smith Craig A. Johnson Richard J. Moscati

Precipitation was collected between 1991 and 1997 at 41 locations within and adjacent to parts of the Great Basin lying in California, Oregon, Nevada, and Utah. These samples were analyzed for their deuterium (δD) and oxygen‐18 (δ 18 O) contents. Separate collections were made of summer and winter season precipitation at stations ranging in elevation from –65 m to 3246 m. The δD per mil values of stations that were closely spaced but at different elevations showed an average δD decrease of approximately 10‰/km rise in elevation. Data for all samples representing winter precipitation, when plotted on a δD versus δ 18 O plot, fall close to the Meteoric Water Line (δD = 8 δ 18 O + 10); samples representing summer precipitation define a line of slightly lower slope due to evaporation of the raindrops during their passage from cloud to ground. Comparison of our 1991–1997 δD data with those from the same three stations reported by an earlier study in the southeastern California shows seasonal differences ranging from 0 per mil to 19‰ (average: 15) and annual differences ranging from 0 to 13 per mil (average: 2), illustrating the degree of annual and seasonal variability in this region. When contoured, the δD values display gradients indicating a north to northwest decrease in deuterium, with values ranging from −60 to −125‰ in winter precipitation and from −40 to −110‰ in summer precipitation. These gradient trends can be explained by the predominance of air mass trajectories originating in the tropical Pacific, the Gulf of California, and (in summer) the Gulf of Mexico.

δ18O

Elevation (ballistics)

10.1029/2001jd000566

Cite

Citations (68)

Dating lacustrine episodes in the eastern Sahara by the epimerization of isoleucine in ostrich eggshells

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology (1991)

Gifford H. Miller Fred Wendorf Richard E. Ernst Romuald Schild Angela E. Close

10.1016/0031-0182(91)90043-q

Cite

Citations (41)

Fractionation of O¹⁸/O¹⁶between Coexisting Calcite and Dolomite

The Journal of Geology (1963)

Irving Friedman Wayne E. Hall

The writers determined $$\delta O^{18}$$ and $$\delta C^{13}$$ of coexisting limestone and dolomite samples from several localities in the upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district and found little fractionation in mineral pairs. This is in conflict with the data obtained from Leadville, Colorado, from a higher temperature environment. Until these differences are better understood, $$\Delta_{calicite\_dolomite}$$ should not be used as a substitute for $$\Delta_{calcite-quartz}$$ as a geologic thermometer.

10.1086/626895

Cite

Citations (37)

Isotopic Evidence of Holocene Climatic Change in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado

Quaternary Research (1988)

Irving Friedman Paul E. Carrara Jim D. Gleason

The δD of cellulose from 14 C-dated wood, collected in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado, decreased by about 45‰ from 9600 to 3100 yr B.P. and an additional 25‰ to the present. The wood samples are from trees that grew above present-day tree line and reflect a time of warmer average summer temperatures. These changes in δD are interpreted to indicate a major change during the Holocene in the sources of moisture, in the seasonality of precipitation, or in both.

Seasonality

Paleoclimatology

Holocene climatic optimum

10.1016/0033-5894(88)90010-5

Cite

Citations (46)

Modification of ?D values in eastern Nevada granitoid rocks spatially related to thrust faults

Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (1984)

D. E. Lee Irving Friedman Jim D. Gleason

Cataclastic rock

Décollement

Outcrop

Thrust fault

10.1007/bf00380174

Cite

Citations (8)

Stable isotope composition of waters in southeastern California: 2. Groundwaters and their relation to modern precipitation

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (1992)

George I. Smith Irving Friedman Jim D. Gleason Augusta Warden

We compare isotopic data on modern groundwater recharge, estimated from a 7‐year collection of precipitation samples, with the isotopic compositions of 82 samples from wells and perennial springs collected in southeastern California. Over half the samples represent recharge that is considerably more depleted in deuterium (δD) than the lightest (winter) precipitation δD values now precipitating in nearby areas. Wells in the vicinity of irrigation canals fed from the Colorado River contain water whose δD resembles that of the irrigation canals, and wells adjacent to the Mojave River are recharged by Mojave River water. The remainder of the samples from the 17 hydrologic units discussed in this paper include one or more whose δD values are depleted in deuterium by at least 10‰ compared to recharge estimated from modern winter precipitation. A plot of δ 18 O versus δD for 56 wells and 22 springs shows substantial scatter ( R 2 =0.66) and defines a slope of 4.9, which is lower than the slope of the Meteoric Water Line. This slope and the scatter of the data suggest these diverse waters were evaporated to different degrees before recharge, and they may also have exchanged oxygen with solid mineral phases. We interpret the fact that many groundwaters in this region have lower δD values than modem precipitation to indicate that recharge of many of the groundwater basins occurred during an earlier period, probably the late Pleistocene, when winters were colder, evaporation rates were lower, and precipitation was quantitatively greater and isotopically lighter.

δ18O

10.1029/92jd00183

Cite

Citations (48)

Airborne Pheromones

Science (1968)

Irving Friedman Clifford Evans Clement W. Meighan Leonard J. Foote Paul V. Aiello

10.1126/science.162.3855.813-a

Cite

Citations (15)

Stable isotope composition of waters in southeastern California 1. Modern precipitation

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (1992)

Irving Friedman George I. Smith Jim D. Gleason Augusta Warden Joyce M. Harris

Over a 7‐year period from April 1982 to April 1989, integrated samples of rain and snow were collected at 32 sites by oil‐sealed storage gage stations in (and adjoining) the southeast California desert; station elevations ranged from −65 m to 2280 m, and the collection network covered an area measuring about 400 km in each dimension. Deuterium (δD) analysis of 406 samples shows that the average δD of summer precipitation was −56 per mil (‰) whereas winter values averaged −78‰, averaged annual values were close to −69‰ because most of the area is in a winter‐dominated precipitation regime. We found no correlation between wetness or dryness of a season and the δD of its precipitation. The δ 18 O versus δD plots show that rain samples define a line of slope 6.5, less than the 8 of the Meteoric Water Line, whereas snow samples define a line of slope 9.2. These differences in slope are the result of isotopic fractionation which occurred during evaporation of raindrops but not during sublimation of snow. Trajectory plots of 68 of the major storm events show that all of the winter storms originated in the Pacific, and passed over high mountains before reaching our collection stations. However, 21 of the 30 summer storms had trajectories that originated either over the Gulf of Mexico or the subtropical Pacific and traveled either west or north to reach our stations, without traversing high mountains. The difference in δD between winter and summer precipitation is due to different air flow patterns during those seasons.

Winter storm

10.1029/92jd00184

Cite

Citations (199)

The Amazon Basin, Another Sahel?

Science (1977)

Irving Friedman

Amazon basin

10.1126/science.197.4298.7-a

Cite

Citations (1)