Abstract The coalbed methane (CBM) productivity is directly determined by the fracture permeability during hydraulic fracturing, which is regulated by the distribution of proppants. The proppant may be unevenly distributed in the fracture because of variables like the architecture of the fracture and the characteristics of the sand‐carrying fluid. This study used two types of random functions to produce different ununiform distributions of proppant clusters in large‐scale fractures, with the aim of investigating the effect of these distributions on the overall permeability of the fracture. A model of fluid‐structure coupling is proposed. The closure of large‐scale fractures under in‐situ stress is analyzed using solid mechanics and the penalty function; the CBM flowing in proppant clusters and the high‐speed channel between them is simulated using Darcy's law and the Navier–Stokes equation, respectively; and the overall permeability of fractures is computed using the fluid pressure drop throughout the fracture and the fluid flowing velocity in the fracture's outlet. Since most CBM flows along high‐speed channels between the proppant clusters, the simulated findings show that the overall permeability of fractures with an uneven distribution of proppant clusters is significantly higher than that of the proppant cluster itself. As CBM becomes more discretely distributed, the proportion of CBM flowing within the proppant cluster continuously drops. As the permeability of the proppant cluster increases, the volume ratio of proppant clusters decreases, and the distribution of proppant clusters becomes more discrete, the overall permeability of the fracture continuously increases.
Abstract The Tengchong volcano (TCV) is a large active volcano system in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. It is characterized by large‐volume magmatic gas emission, active hydrothermal circulation, and intense volcanic and earthquake activities, posing a threat of near future eruptions. However, there is still no available model of the magmatic plumbing system beneath the volcano system, limiting the quantitative assessments of the eruption hazards. Here, we present a high‐resolution 3D model of the TCV constructed using ambient noise adjoint tomography. Our 3D model reveals a large basaltic magma reservoir with a volume of ∼7,000 km 3 at depths of 20–35 km, which has a melt fraction of ∼2%–4.5%. Our results suggest that the deep crustal magma reservoir is fed by partial melting in the uppermost mantle and is recharging the shallow magma chambers beneath the TCV. Our results are key to understanding the volcanic activities and assessing future eruption hazards.
This dataset contains the original ambient noise cross-correlation data and the final inverted 3D Vs model for our research paper "Crust and uppermost mantle magma plumbing system beneath Changbaishan intraplate volcano, China/North Korea, revealed by ambient noise adjoint tomography", which has been published in Geophysical Research Letters (https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098308).
A series of calculation and analyses are developed to estimate Wudalianchi volcanoes hazard. Based on the modern magma chamber conception and examples of active volcanoe abroad, theconsolidation curve and time are inverted by using the theoretical formula of Stefan object, thefragmentation mechanism of Wudalianchi volcano is discussed by the way of SFT (SequentialFragmentation Theory); the crust stability of Wudalianchi volcanoes area is discussed utilizing the structural ratio of crust and mantle; the activity of mantle material in Wudalianchi volcanoes area is discussed utilizing the satellite gravity abnormality of this area, the seepage effect and plug structure ofWudalianceh volcanoes eruption are simulated with the history records of their modern eruqtions. Atlast, volcano hazard is analyzed based on the above discussions in this paper.
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