Supplementary Data of the Manuscript titled 'Revisit Sr-Nd isotopic fingerprints of Red River sediments and its implication for provenance discrimination in the South China Sea' Table A1. Sampling locations, Sr-Nd isotopic compositions, geochemical compositions and mean grain size of Red River estuarine sediment samples Table A2. Literature data on sediment Sr-Nd isotopic ratios, Rb/Sr and K2O/(Na2O+CaO) in the Red River catchment Table A3. Compiled data on Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of rocks in the Thao River, Song Da and Song Lo basin Table A4. Compiled data of sediment Sr-Nd isotopic composition in the Pearl River, Red River and Mekong River
Table A1. Sampling locations, Nd isotopes, geochemical compositions and grain size parameters of Huanghe and loess sediments investigated. Table A2. Annual water discharge and sediment load at major gauging stations along the Huanghe mainstream. Table A3. Nd isotopic compositions of major tectonic terranes and sources in the Huanghe basin (literature data). Table A4. Nd isotopes and geochemical compositions of rocks in the North China Craton. Table A5. Nd model ages of rocks from North China Craton (NCC), only rocks with Th/Sc, Th/Cr, Th/Co and Sm/Nd ratios within the range of references for UCC in the NCC have been selected. Table A6. Nd isotopes mixing of sediments from the lower Huanghe.
Knowledge of river sediment routing processes provides important constraints on continent weathering process. This study presents sedimentary geochemical records in the sediments from Core CM97 on the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta and Core MD06-3040 on the inner shelf of East China Sea. We attempt to address the important control of internal dynamics of river sediment routing system on the propagation of silicate weathering signals over the last 14 kyr. During 14 to 10 ka, the sediment chemical alteration in the Changjiang catchment was sensitive to the Asian summer monsoon precipitation. However, the transient storage of sediment in the alluvial plain buffered the signals of rapid climate changes and corresponding weathering intensity imprinted in the sediments. During early to middle Holocene, the increased basin accommodation space trapped abundant upstream-derived sediments in the mid-lower lowland plains, and thus increased the sediment residence time in the catchment. However, more favorable monsoon climate at that time did not result in stronger weathering, suggesting the internal dynamics of sediment transport process overwhelmed the response of weathering process to natural climate change. With the end of Holocene optimum at ca. 5 ka, the stronger sediment weathering was mainly due to decreased sediment transport capacity and longer residence on floodplains. Intensive human activities in the upper reaches over the last 1.5 kyr caused more supply of less-weathered sediments from upstream to the estuary, and thus the natural weathering process and its response to climate change has been greatly disturbed in the Anthropocene epoch.
Table A1. Sampling locations, Sr-Nd isotopes, geochemical compositions and grain size parameters of Huanghe and loess sediments investigated. Table A2. Annual sediment load (Mt/yr) at major gauging stations along the Huanghe mainstream. Table A3. Nd isotopic compositions of major tectonic terranes and sources in the Huanghe basin (literature data). Table A4. Nd isotopes and geochemical compositions of rocks in the North China Craton. Table A5. Nd model ages of rocks from North China Craton (NCC), only rocks with Th/Sc, Th/Cr, Th/Co and Sm/Nd ratios within the range of references for UCC in the NCC have been selected. Table A6. Nd isotopes mixing of sediments from the lower Huanghe.
Supplementary Data of the Manuscript titled 'Revisit Sr-Nd isotopic fingerprints of Red River sediments and its implication for provenance discrimination in the South China Sea' Table A1. elemental compositions of Red River estuarine sediment samples Table A2. Literature data on sediment Sr-Nd isotopic ratios, Rb/Sr and K2O/(Na2O+CaO) in the Red River catchment Table A3. Compiled data on Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of rocks in the Thao River, Song Da and Song Lo basin Table A4. Compiled data of sediment Sr-Nd isotopic composition in the Pearl River, Red River and Mekong River
Silicate weathering as an important negative feedback can regulate the Earth's climate over time, but much debate concerns its response strength to each climatic factor and its evolution with land surface reorganisation. Such discrepancy arises from lacking weathering proxy validation and scarce quantitative paleo-constraints on individual forcing factors. Here we examine the catchment-scale link of silicate weathering intensity with various environmental parameters using a global compilation of modern sediment dataset (n = 3828). We show the primary control of temperature on silicate weathering given the monotonic increase of feldspar dissolution with it (0-30 °C), while controls of precipitation or topographic-lithological factors are regional and subordinate. We interpret the non-linear forcing of temperature on feldspar dissolution as depletion of more reactive plagioclase (relative to orthoclase) at higher temperature. Our results hint at stronger temperature-weathering feedback at lower surface temperature and support the hypothesis of increased land surface reactivity during the late Cenozoic cooling.
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