Marilaure Grégoire

University of Liège

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Arthur Capet

Université Libre de Bruxelles

Jean-Marie Beckers

University of Liège

Luc Vandenbulcke

University of Liège

Karline Soetaert

Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research

Alexander Barth

University of Liège

Alberto Borges

University of Liège

Evgeny Ivanov

University of Liège

Bruno Delille

University of Liège

Eric Delhez

University of Liège

Jacques C.J. Nihoul

University of Liège

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

University of Liège

Institut de Ciències del Mar

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

National Research Council

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

Institute of Marine Science

CMCC Foundation - Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change

Laboratoire d’Études en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales

Sorbonne Université

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Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters

Science (2018)

Denise L. Breitburg Lisa A. Levin Andreas Oschlies Marilaure Grégoire Francisco P. Chávez

Oxygen is fundamental to life. Not only is it essential for the survival of individual animals, but it regulates global cycles of major nutrients and carbon. The oxygen content of the open ocean and coastal waters has been declining for at least the past half-century, largely because of human activities that have increased global temperatures and nutrients discharged to coastal waters. These changes have accelerated consumption of oxygen by microbial respiration, reduced solubility of oxygen in water, and reduced the rate of oxygen resupply from the atmosphere to the ocean interior, with a wide range of biological and ecological consequences. Further research is needed to understand and predict long-term, global- and regional-scale oxygen changes and their effects on marine and estuarine fisheries and ecosystems.

Marine ecosystem

Biogeochemistry

10.1126/science.aam7240

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Citations (2,501)

Dynamics of the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum in the Black Sea as depicted by BGC-Argo floats

Arthur Capet Florian Ricour Fabrizio D’Ortenzio Bruno Delille Marilaure Grégoire

The deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) is a well known feature of the global ocean. However, its description and the study of its formation are a&#160; challenge, especially in the peculiar environment that is the Black Sea. The retrieval of chlorophyll a (Chla) from fluorescence (Fluo) profiles recorded by biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats is not trivial in the Black Sea, due to the very high content of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) which contributes to the fluorescence signal and produces an apparent increase of the Chla concentration with depth.Here, we revised Fluo correction protocols for the Black Sea context using co-located in-situ high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and BGC-Argo measurements. The processed set of Chla data (2014&#8211;2019) is then used to provide a systematic description of the seasonal DCM dynamics in the Black Sea and to explore different hypotheses concerning the mechanisms underlying its development.Our results show that the corrections applied to the Chla profiles are consistent with HPLC data. In the Black Sea, the DCM begins to form in March, throughout the basin, at a density level set by the previous winter mixed layer. During a first phase (April-May), the DCM remains attached to this particular layer. The spatial homogeneity of this feature suggests a hysteresis mechanism, i.e., that the DCM structure locally influences environmental conditions rather than adapting instantaneously to external factors.In a second phase (July-September), the DCM migrates upward, where there is higher irradiance, which suggests the interplay of biotic factors. Overall, the DCM concentrates around 45 to 65% of the total chlorophyll content within a 10 m layer centered around a depth of 30 to 40 m, which stresses the importance of considering DCM dynamics when evaluating phytoplankton productivity at basin scale.

Argo

Biogeochemical Cycle

Black Sea

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-3191

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Three years of results from a mooring over a Posidonia Oceanica seagrass meadow (Corsica, France)

EGUGA (2010)

Willy Champenois Bruno Delille Gilles Lepoint Jean-Marie Beckers Marilaure Grégoire

Posidonia oceanica

Mooring

Potamogetonaceae

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The seamod.ro operational stochasting Black Sea forecasting system

Luc Vandenbulcke Arthur Capet Marilaure Grégoire Alexander Barth

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Carbon dioxide dynamics and air-sea CO2 fluxes in several Southern European Seas ecosystems: results from the EU IP SESAME

Alberto Borges Bruno Delille Marc-Vincent Commarieu Jean-Marie Beckers Marilaure Grégoire

Baltic sea

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Coupled Hydrodynamical Ecosystem model of the Black Sea a basin scale. First result of a high resolution 3 D interdisciplinary model.

Marilaure Grégoire Jean-Marie Beckers Jacques C.J. Nihoul

Ecosystem model

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Modelling the Ligurian Sea ecosystem by means of a 1D couled physical-biogeochemical model. Improvement of model results using sequential data assimilation

Geophysical Research Abstracts (2005)

C. Raick Karline Soetaert Marilaure Grégoire

Biogeochemical Cycle

Assimilation (phonology)

Ecosystem model

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Offshore Wind Farm Footprint on Organic and Mineral Particle Flux to the Bottom

Frontiers in Marine Science (2021)

Evgeny Ivanov Arthur Capet Emil De Borger S. Degraer Eric Delhez

Offshore wind farms (OWFs) are an important source of renewable energy accounting for 2.3% of the European Union's electricity demand. Yet their impact on the environment needs to be assessed. Here, we couple a hydrodynamic (including tides and waves) and sediment transport model with a description of the organic carbon and mineral particle dynamics in the water column and sediments. The model is applied to the Belgian Coastal Zone (BCZ) where OWFs currently occupy 7% of its surface area which is estimated to double in the next 5 years. The impact of OWFs on the environment is represented through the filtration of the water column and fecal pellets production by the blue mussel, the dominant fouling organism. Our model simulations show that the impact of biodeposition on the mud particle sedimentation and on sediment composition is small compared to the fluxes associated with tidal deposition and resuspension and the lateral inputs. In contrast, the total organic carbon (TOC) flux to the sediment is significantly altered inside the OWF perimeters and TOC deposition is increased up to 50% in an area 5 km around the monopiles. Further away, the TOC flux to the bottom decreases with a notable effect up to 30 km away. The major changes are found along the direction of the main residual current and tidal ellipse's major axis. In addition, sub-mesoscale gyres act as retention areas with increased carbon deposition. A future OWF in the BCZ will be located close to gravel beds in a Natura 2000 area, considered as vulnerable habitats and biodiversity hotspots. The different scenarios for this OWF, varying in turbine number and positioning, are compared in terms of impact on the carbon and mineral particle deposition flux in the BCZ and, particularly, to these gravel beds. The scenarios show that the number of turbines has only a slight impact on the TOC deposition flux, unlike their positioning that significantly alters the TOC flux to the gravel beds. The TOC deposition flux exceeds 50%, when the turbines are placed next to the gravel beds; while a limited increase is simulated, when the turbines are located the farthest possible from them.

Deposition

Sedimentation

Sediment trap

10.3389/fmars.2021.631799

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Developing a hydrodynamical model of the Southern Bight of the North Sea for impact studies

Evgeny Ivanov Arthur Capet Alexander Barth Eric Delhez Karline Soetaert

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Implementing the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive: Scientific challenges and opportunities