The nitrate reduction velocity by sulfate green rust via the intervention of copper and aluminum (GR-SO 4 2-(Cu-Al)) can be controlled.The experiment was performed using a batch of reactor systems.First, the results indicated that the addition of Cu(II) to GR-SO 4 2-improved the nitrate reduction rate by a maximum of 3.5 times compared with GR-SO 4 2 .Second, Al substitution enabled a gradual transformation from nitrate to nitrite instead of a rapid transformation from nitrate to ammonium.When nitrite accumulated in the solution, it might generate other possible intermediate products, such as NO, N 2 O, and N 2 formation.The results indicated that a maximum total nitrogen removal efficiency of nearly 25% was obtained at pH = 9 using GR-SO 4 2-doping with 3% Cu 2+ and Al 3+ /trivalent metal (M 3+ ) = 20%.And the results of experiments were compared by conducting a first-order kinetics.Additionally, the results obtained using X-ray diffraction indicated that magnetite and goethite were produced in the process of nitrate and GR-SO 4 2-(Cu-Al).
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)