Jian Xu

Lanzhou University of Technology

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Hongsen Xie

Institute of Geochemistry

Yan Bi

Zhengzhou University

Wolfgang Kuhnt

Kiel University

Ann Holbourn

Kiel University

Russell J. Hemley

University of Illinois Chicago

Ho‐kwang Mao

Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research

Jie Guo

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Eugene Huang

Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research

Shenggang Liu

Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China

Fuqian Jing

Institute of Fluid Physics

Cooperative Institutions

Chinese Academy of Sciences

China Academy of Engineering Physics

Institute of Fluid Physics

Institute of High Energy Physics

Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research

Carnegie Institution for Science

Kiel University

Geophysical Laboratory

Chinese Academy of Engineering

Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica

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Raman spectroscopic characteristics of Mg-Fe-Ca pyroxenes

American Mineralogist (2000)

E. Huang C.H. Chen T. H. Huang Enhui Lin Jian Xu

Raman spectra of several compositions of (Mg, Fe, Ca)SiO3 pyroxenes were collected at ambient conditions. More than 10 Raman vibrational modes were observed for these pyroxenes in the wavenumber range between 200 and 1200 cm-1. In general, these pyroxenes are characterized by (1) the Si-O stretching modes above 800 cm-1; (2) the Si-O bending modes between 500 and 760 cm-1; (3) SiO4 rotation and metal-oxygen translation modes below 500 cm-1. For a constant Ca content, frequencies of the Raman modes in the enstatite-ferrosilite (opx) and diopside-hedenbergite (cpx) series generally decrease with an increase in Fe content. This phenomenon is attributed to an increase in both the bonding lengths and the reduced mass as Fe2+ is substituted for Mg. However, two modes at ~900 cm-1 in the enstatite-ferrosilite series increase in frequencies as Fe content increases. A possible explanation is to the shortening in the Si-O-Si bridging bonding bonds when the M2 sites are preferentially occupied by the iron cation. The effect of Fe substituting for Mg on the frequency shift in cpx is less profound than opx because the larger M2 was occupied by calcium and the substitution of iron and magnesium in the M1 site results in a less significant change in the bond length. The major-element composition of the (Mg, Fe, Ca)-pyroxenes, especially the orthopyroxene series, can be semi-quantitatively determined on the basis of the peak positions of their characteristic Raman modes.

Enstatite

Pyroxene

10.2138/am-2000-0408

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Citations (254)

Temperature Coefficient of Sound Velocity of Perovskite-Enstatite and Lateral Thermal Heterogeneity in Earth's Lower Mantle

Chinese Physics Letters (2000)

Zizheng Gong Hongsen Xie Fuqian Jing Yonggang Liu Jie Guo

Using the differences of sound velocity and temperature on the Hugoniot and isoentropic state, the temperature coefficients of sound velocity of perovskite-enstatite under high pressure were obtained. For compressional, shear and bulk wave velocities, their temperature coefficients decrease from 0.386, 0.251, 0.255 m/(s·K) at 40 GPa to 0.197, 0.131, 0.162 m/(s·K) at 140 GPa, respectively. Extrapolating these to zero pressure results in (∂K/∂T)0 = -0.0279 GPa·K-1, which is consistent very well with the value got by hydrostatic pressure experiment. On the basis of our data, we conclude that the compressional wave velocity anomaly of 0.1-0.2% in the deep lower mantle and 2% in the D" region would imply lateral thermal heterogeneity with amplitude of 53-106 K and 1066 K in these regions, respectively.

Enstatite

Hydrostatic equilibrium

Shear waves

10.1088/0256-307x/17/3/022

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Citations (4)

Brillouin scattering and ultrasonic studies at high temperature and high pressure

Chemical Geology (1996)

Jian Xu

Brillouin zone

10.1016/0009-2541(95)00160-3

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Citations (4)

Effect of pressure and temperature on the wavelength shift of the fluorescence line of SrB₄O₇:Sm²⁺scale

High Pressure Research (2013)

Qiumin Jing Qiang Wu Yonggang Liu Yi Zhang Shenggang Liu

AbstractThe pressure shift of 7D 0−5F 0 fluorescence line of SrB 4O 7:Sm 2+ has been recalibrated at high temperature and high pressure, respectively. Combined with the high pressure and high-temperature experimental data given by previous study, a quantitative analysis of the temperature effect on pressure shift of the 7D 0−5F 0 fluorescence line has been performed. The results show that there is an overall negligible coupling effect of temperature and pressure on the wavelength shift of the 7D 0−5F 0 fluorescence line below 770 K and 35 GPa. But above 770 K, the temperature effect on pressure shift could not be ignored at least in a relatively high pressure range. A proposed calibration relation is recommended to predict more accurate pressures in high pressure and high-temperature experiments with SrB 4O 7:Sm 2+ as the pressure scale.Keywords: fluorescenceSrB 4O 7:Sm 2+high temperature and high pressurecoupling effectwavelength shift The authors acknowledge the support of the Industrial Technology Development Program (Grant No. B1520110001). Experiments were conducted at 4W2 High Pressure Station of BSRF, which is supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. KJCX2-SW-N03 and KJCX2-SW-N20).

Line (geometry)

10.1080/08957959.2013.845665

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Citations (10)

Static Compression of Gold and Copper and Calibration of the Ruby Pressure Scale to Pressures to 1.8 Megabars (Static.RNO)

Shock Waves in Condensed Matter-1981 (1986)

P. M. Bell Jian Xu H. K. Mao

New experimental results on the static compression of gold and copper in the diamond-window, high-pressure cell have provided the basis for an accurate system of pressure calibration at ultrahigh pressures. The unit-cell volumes of gold and copper were measured at several points along the pressure curve by MoKα x-ray diffraction. Diffraction measurement was by film methods. At each point, the luminescent spectrum of ruby also contained in the high-pressure cell was measured. The shift with pressure of the luminescent R-line emission of ruby was calibrated to the shock-wave equation of state of gold and copper to 1.8 Mbar.

Diamond anvil cell

10.1007/978-1-4613-2207-8_13

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The moissanite anvil cell: a new tool for high-pressure research

Journal of Physics Condensed Matter (2002)

Jian Xu Ho‐kwang Mao Russell J. Hemley E Hines

Use of high-quality single-crystal moissanite as anvils has made possible a versatile high-pressure apparatus complementary to the diamond anvil cell (DAC) for high-pressure studies to at least the half-megabar pressure range. High-pressure research has been revolutionized by the DACs as a result of the great strength and transparency of diamond. However, the technique often suffers from interference by the diamond spectra and is limited by small anvil sizes. Other gem anvils, such as sapphire and cubic zirconia, have not been able to reach beyond 26 GPa. With gem-quality synthetic moissanite as anvils, we pressurized samples to close to 60 GPa. Moissanite anvils can be made two to three orders of magnitude larger than conventional diamonds, thus providing new opportunities for studies of material properties at high pressures with analytical techniques that are limited to small samples.

Diamond anvil cell

10.1088/0953-8984/14/44/513

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Citations (48)

(Appendix A) Oxygen isotopes, Mg/Ca ratios and estimated temperatures of sediment core MD01-2378 during Termination I

Jian Xu Ann Holbourn Wolfgang Kuhnt Zhimin Jian Hiroshi Kawamura

Sediment core

10.1594/pangaea.831197

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New technique to control oxygen fugacity in high-temperature/ high-pressure experiments

Review of Scientific Instruments (1998)

Hongsen Xie Heping Li Jian Xu

A new method to control oxygen fugacity in high-temperature/high-pressure experiments is proposed. In this method, use is made of two connected oxygen membrane cells which monitor and regulate the oxygen fugacity in the sample. As an example, all of the possible oxidation states in the Ni–O system were achieved. This method will provide a powerful tool in research on the chemistry of high-temperature/high-pressure environments such as the interior of the Earth.

Fugacity

Mineral redox buffer

10.1063/1.1148689

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Citations (1)

Quasi-hydrostatic compression of ruby to 500 Kbar

Physics and Chemistry of Minerals (1988)

Pascal Richet Jian Xu Ho‐kwang Mao

Hydrostatic equilibrium

Corundum

Hydrostatic pressure

10.1007/bf00220687

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Citations (99)

High-Pressure Sound Velocity of Perovskite-Enstatite and Possible Composition of Earth's Lower Mantle

Chinese Physics Letters (1999)

Zizheng Gong Hongsen Xie Yonggang Liu Hui Huo Fuqian Jing

The compressional sound velocity vp for enstitate of polycrystalline specimens was measured at pressures from 40 to 140 GPa by using the optical analyzer techniques under shock loading. The dependence of vp (in units of km/s) on Hugoniot pressure p (in units of GPa) can be described by: ln vp = 3.079 - 0.691 ln p + 0.094 ln2 p. The vp satisfies Birch's law: vp = 6.213 + 1.212ρ, where ρ is corresponding density, indicating that enstatite is stable throughout the conditions of the lower mantle. Here P wave velocity is 0.5% lower and S wave velocity is 2% higher than those of preliminary reference earth model, respectively. It is concluded that the lower mantle is mainly composed of perovskite-(Mg1-x,Fex)SiO3 and only small amount of (Mg1-x,Fex)O is allowed in it.

Enstatite

Seismic velocity

10.1088/0256-307x/16/9/027

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Citations (40)