Future climate change is expected to affect ecosystem‐atmosphere CO 2 exchange, particularly through the influence of temperature. To date, however, few studies have shown that differences in the response of net ecosystem CO 2 exchange (NEE) to temperature among ecosystems can be explained by differences in the photosynthetic and respiratory processes that compose NEE. Using a new nonparametric statistical model, we analyzed data from four forest ecosystems. We observed that differences among forests in their ability to assimilate CO 2 as a function of temperature were attributable to consistent differences in the temperature dependence of photosynthesis and respiration. This observation provides empirical validation of efforts to develop models of NEE from the first‐principle relationships between photosynthetic and respiratory processes and climate. Our results also showed that models of seasonal dynamics in NEE that lack specific consideration of the temperature dependence of respiration and photosynthesis are likely to carry significant uncertainties.
Studies have underscored the pivotal role of metastasis-associated protein 3 (MTA3) as a cancer regulator, yet its potential as a drug target across cancers necessitates comprehensive evaluation. In this study, we analyzed MTA3 expression profiles to ascertain its diagnostic and prognostic value in pan-cancers, probing associations with genetic variations and immunological characteristics. Notably, liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) exhibited the most significant correlation with MTA3. By transfection of siRNA, interference of MTA3 affected HepG2 and Hepa1-6 cell viability and migration. Through drug screening and drug-likeness evaluation among marine-derived natural products, Jaspamycin was identified as a potential hepatocellular carcinoma treatment by targeting MTA3. By applying in vitro and in vivo experiment, the inhibitory effects of Jaspamycin on hepatocellular carcinoma viability, migration, and tumor progression were observed. To assess the potential of MTA3 as an anticancer drug target, MTA3 overexpression plasmid was transfected together with Jaspamycin treatment, and observed that MTA3 upregulation counteracted the inhibitory effects of Jaspamycin on hepatocarcinoma cell proliferation and migration, underscoring the efficacy of MTA3 as a drug target in hepatocellular carcinoma drug screening. This study highlights the clinical significance of MTA3 in pan-cancer, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma. Additionally, it identifies Jaspamycin, a marine-derived compound with promising pharmacological properties, as an effective inhibitor of MTA3 activity, suggesting its potential for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
The energy consumption of farmers residing around nature reserves is an important factor that affects the coordinated development of nature reserves and the surrounding communities. The optimization of the energy consumption structure of farmers around nature reserves is important for maintaining the resources and environment of nature reserves and saving natural resources. Based on the microscopic survey data for the energy consumption structure of 956 rural households around six nature reserves in Liaoning province, a multiple linear regression model was used in this study to match tendency scores and empirically examine the impacts of regulatory policies of nature reserves on the energy consumption of rural households in Liaoning province. In addition, the influence of the income and environmental cognition of farmers on the energy consumption of rural households around nature reserves was examined. The results showed that the regulatory policies of the nature reserves were conducive to reducing the traditional biomass energy consumption of the farmers. The nature reserves indirectly affect the energy consumption of the farmers by influencing their income, and cognition plays an important role in reducing the traditional biomass energy consumption of farmers in nature reserves. Compared with provincial nature reserves, national nature reserves have a more evident impact on the energy consumption of farmers. Based on the empirical results, farmers should be encouraged to reduce their high-pollution and high-emission energy consumption activities and should be provided with technical support and financial subsidies for clean energy, such as solar energy and biogas. The following measures should be taken to maintain the ecological environment of the nature reserves and to reduce the contradiction between the nature reserves and farmers: supervise the coal quality in the surrounding areas of nature reserves, improve the non-agricultural employment ability of farmers around nature reserves and the photovoltaic poverty alleviation project in Liaoning province, increase the income of farmers and promote the energy consumption of farmers around nature reserves, strengthen the management of provincial nature reserves, promptly change the traditional idea of ‘depend on the mountain and water’ adopted by farmers, improve the environmental awareness of farmers residing around nature reserves, and advocate green energy consumption.
Wastewater is a discarded human by-product, but its analysis may help us understand the health of populations. Epidemiologists first analyzed wastewater to track outbreaks of poliovirus decades ago, but so-called wastewater-based epidemiology was reinvigorated to monitor SARS-CoV-2 levels while bypassing the difficulties and pit falls of individual testing. Current approaches overlook the activity of most human viruses and preclude a deeper understanding of human virome community dynamics. Here, we conduct a comprehensive sequencing-based analysis of 363 longitudinal wastewater samples from ten distinct sites in two major cities. Critical to detection is the use of a viral probe capture set targeting thousands of viral species or variants. Over 450 distinct pathogenic viruses from 28 viral families are observed, most of which have never been detected in such samples. Sequencing reads of established pathogens and emerging viruses correlate to clinical data sets of SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and monkeypox viruses, outlining the public health utility of this approach. Viral communities are tightly organized by space and time. Finally, the most abundant human viruses yield sequence variant information consistent with regional spread and evolution. We reveal the viral landscape of human wastewater and its potential to improve our understanding of outbreaks, transmission, and its effects on overall population health.
Significance Transient electric fields driven by intense lasers and particle beams play a key role in a number of applications from plasma-based particle accelerators to implosion dynamics of inertial fusion targets. Here, a method to map the 3D transient field structures with high resolutions both in time and space by use of picosecond electron bunches is presented. It is applied to measure the transient field evolution induced at a solid surface irradiated by a short pulse laser. This method can be applied to monitor field structures with much higher strength, which may find wide application in relevant research fields.
Abstract To study how genes function in a cellular and physiological process, a general procedure is to classify gene expression profiles into categories based on their similarity and reconstruct a regulatory network for functional elements. However, this procedure has not been implemented with the genetic mechanisms that underlie the organization of gene clusters and networks, despite much effort made to map expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) that affect the expression of individual genes. Here we address this issue by developing a computational approach that integrates gene clustering and network reconstruction with genetic mapping into a unifying framework. The approach can not only identify specific eQTLs that control how genes are clustered and organized toward biological functions, but also enable the investigation of the biological mechanisms that individual eQTLs perturb in a signaling pathway. We applied the new approach to characterize the effects of eQTLs on the structure and organization of gene clusters in Caenorhabditis elegans . This study provides the first characterization, to our knowledge, of the effects of genetic variants on the regulatory network of gene expression. The approach developed can also facilitate the genetic dissection of other dynamic processes, including development, physiology and disease progression in any organisms.
Cadmium (Cd), one of the most toxic heavy metals, has been extensively studied by environmental scientists because of its detrimental effects on plants, animals, and humans. Increased industrial activity has led to environmental contamination with Cd. Cadmium can enter the food chain and pose a potential human health risk. Therefore, reducing the accumulation of Cd in plant species and enhancing their detoxification abilities are crucial for remediating heavy metal pollution in contaminated areas. One innovative technique is nano-phytoremediation, which employs nanomaterials ranging from 1 to 100 nm in size to mitigate the accumulation and detrimental effects of Cd on plants. Although extensive research has been conducted on using nanomaterials to mitigate Cd toxicity in plants, it is important to note that the mechanism of action varies depending on factors such as plant species, level of Cd concentration, and type of nanomaterials employed. This review aimed to consolidate and organize existing data, providing a comprehensive overview of the effects and mechanisms of nanomaterials in enhancing plant resistance to Cd. In particular, its deep excavation the mechanisms of detoxification heavy metals of nanomaterials by plants, including regulating Cd uptake and distribution, enhancing antioxidant capacity, regulating gene expression, and regulating physiological metabolism. In addition, this study provides insights into future research directions in this field.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)
'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)